This means that the effects of logging also extend beyond the areas that are actually managed.

3.2 As to the effect of the logging on the author's herd, it is submitted that reindeer tend to avoid areas being logged or prepared for logging.

In fact, there have been very few logging operations in the area, the surface of the lands subject to logging amounting to approximately 1.2 per cent of the area administered by the Committee.

In view of the total surface of forest areas, both the logging operations carried out and the planned ones are less extensive than those carried out in private forests in the area.

The State party observes that as far as the admissible part of the complaint with regard to the Paadarskaidi area is concerned, the National Forest and Park Service mainly carried out increment felling (preparative cutting), in the area, amounting to approximately 110 hectares in 1998.

The authors argue that the impact of logging operations are long term, practically permanent, and that the measures employed create new damage, exacerbate existing damage, and extent the area affected by logging.

In that regard, Slovakia has in recent years been particularly active in the western Balkans.

9.3 As to the claim, that the negative effects of the proposed logging in Kippalrova would interfere with their rights under article 27, the Committee recognizes the commitment of the State party, expressed in its submission on the merits, not to proceed to logging in this area and therefore finds it unnecessary to consider the possibility of future logging, by the State, in this area any further.

One option is to develop an extensive reforestation and land rehabilitation programme in areas previously deforested by logging, mineral mining and other destructive industrial activities.

For instance, the destruction of forests in Central Africa by logging companies is destroying the livelihoods of indigenous communities.

4.3 The State party notes that as far as the Paadarskaidi area is concerned, the National Forest  Park Service carried out increment felling (preparative cutting) totalling some 200 300 hectares between 1998 and 2000. The distance between the Angeli area and the Paadarskaidi area is about 30 kilometres.

It observes that the regeneration fellings (300 hectares) in the Angeli area constitute 0.8 per cent and the thinning logging operations (200 hectares) constitute 0.5 per cent of the forest, administered by the Muotkatunturi Herdsmen's Committee.

The logging operations result in a complete loss of lichen in the areas affected, allegedly lasting for hundreds of years.

10.3 The authors and the State party disagree on the effects of the logging in the areas in question.

Slovakia has thus far supported the engagement of the United Nations in the region by participating in peacekeeping and stabilization missions in the Balkans.

Accordingly, the Committee held the issues arising from the proposal to log this area to be admissible.

In the former logging concession areas, the lack of maintenance has rendered many of the roads barely passable or, in some cases, impassable.

In and around Kelbajar town, the FFM saw long haul flat bed trucks transporting large logs extracted from the region's forests.

I don't know, I think he's talking about clear cutting. Yeah, clear cutting.

military expenditures

Para 10.1 provides, as relevant The issue to be determined is whether logging of forests in an area covering approximately 3,000 hectares of the area of the Muotkatunturi Herdsmen's Committee (of which the authors are members) i.e. such logging as has already been carried out and future logging violates the authors' rights under article 27 of the Covenant.

6.7 On 1 April 2003, the Committee declared the communication admissible insofar as it relates to the cumulative effects on the exercise by Jouni and Eino Länsman of their rights under article 27 of the Covenant arising from the logging that had taken place in the Pyhäjärvi, Kirkko outa and Paadarskaidi areas, along with the proposed logging in Kippalrova.

In fact, it is a step counter, and it counts the steps.

Woodcutting is increasing, communications in the flood prone areas are being created and exploited intensively (buildings, industry, traffic, etc.).

5.4 Finally, the authors state that there are plans for further logging by the National Forestry and Park Service within the area already subject to court proceedings, an area known as the Kippalrova tract.

Moreover, in 1998, a further 110 hectares were logged in the Paadarskaidi area of the Herdsmen's Committee (not part of the areas covered by the earlier communication).

7.6 The State party denies that any new logging operations have been planned for the Angeli area (Pyhäjärvi and Kirkko outa), nor have any such operations been carried out in or planned for the area of Kippalrova.

The region is also ageng at a faster rate, and in the next 50 years will be home to over 1.2 billion people aged 60 years and older (63 per cent of the world total).

Forests have deteriorated, due to illegal harvesting and encroachment for agriculture and settlement.13

9.4 The Committee proceeds to a consideration of the merits of the claims relating to the effects of past logging in the Pyhäjärvi, Kirkko outa and Paadarskaidi areas.

2.4 By the date of submission of the communication, yet another logging operation in Paadarskaidi had been proposed, with minimal advance warning to the Herdsmen's Committee and with an imminent commencement date.

Honduras Suriname

Deforestation

The Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, established under article 8 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,

Slovak Republic

Amnesty International

Reports on agenda items 2 (b) to 11

H. Illegal logging

Everywhere there has been constant extraction of mineral, killing animals, the logging timbers and so on.

2.3 By 1999, all 500 hectares of the two areas at issue in the earlier communication had been logged.

Another programme, a pilot initiative, aims to stem deforestation in Brazil and contributes to the development of regional climate change models.

At the outset, they complain that since the 1980s, some 1,600 hectares of the Herdsmen's Committee's grazing area in Paadarskaidi have been logged, accounting for some 40 per cent of lichen (utilized for feeding reindeer) in that specific area.

6.3 Regarding the Kippalrova area in which logging was planned, the Committee noted that this forest tract fell within the area covered by the Supreme Court decision of 22 June 1995.

Hyperinflation in Germany in the 1920 s fanned separatism in Bavaria, the Rhineland, and Saxony, because these remote areas thought that Germany s central bank and central government in Berlin were discriminating against them. The separatists were politically radical on the left in Saxony, and on the far right in Bavaria and the Rhineland.

5.3 For the authors, the National Forest Park Service has been too restrictive in providing information on its logging activities affecting the life of Angeli Sami.