As such, they have found widespread applications in optical information processing and computer components such as spatial light modulators and photoreactive volume holographic optical elements.

These materials and their solid solutions in single crystal form can be used as substrates for thin film epitaxy devices for optoelectronic applications in integrated optics.

There'sashinethat youget in the school room

Single crystals of BGO(Bi12GeO20), BSO(Bi12SiO20) and their solid solutions are wide band gap, high resistivity semi insulators that are also piezoelectric, photoconductive, acousto optic, magneto optic and optically active.

So I went to Cambridge, because it was really the best place in the world then for x ray crystallography. And x ray crystallography is now a subject in, you know, chemistry departments.

It's a chemistry experiment where I've made a crystal garden.

Propanal

Chloroform

l Lactic acid

Ascorbic acid

This is crystallized DNA.

And it's from X ray crystallography, so it's an accurate model of DNA.

Unlike Gertrude Stein's roses, it's not the case that a transistor is a transistor.

Here's the eye with the opaque lens, the opaque lens extracted and an acrylic lens inserted.

Crystal structure determination

Display crystal structures

And more than that, it's a confection of different ideas, the idea of plastic, the idea of a laser, the idea of transistors.

What crystals are possible, we can understand through the mathematics of symmetry.

And if you want to take a single crystal of DNA, it looks like that.

Circuit NPN Transistor

Circuit PNP Transistor

So, since the transistor is so simple, you can put lots of them together.

She was a crystallographer.

A transistor is nothing more than a wall switch.

The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment advanced our knowledge of materials science.

The mirror materials were made from schott zerodur to ensure superb optical quality in the temperature range for observations.

Gnome Crystal Crystalline Structures Viewer

Edit and display crystalline structures

This is an inorganic tube.

It's actually not life, it's a crystal.

So the best place for x ray crystallography was at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge.

Biophysics, in particular electrophoretic and protein crystal growth studies in microgravity.

It was a diamond cell structure was the point of departure.

After Von Neumann, we have the Pentium, where the billionth transistor is as reliable as the first one.

They make their own intraocular lenses.

I think it's our collective intelligence.

I don't remember ever seeing blood crystals as anaemic as these.

Biophysics, in particular electrophoretic and protein crystal growth studies in microgravity (Dept. of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg)

Processor performance on Intel chips, the average price of a transistor 1968, you could buy one transistor for a dollar.

MIT just has a new radio chip that uses far less power than our chips.

The author of this paper explained that the crystal converts the vibration of ultrasound emitted outside the human body into electricity to drive a tiny transistor, which is directly attached to a nerve or muscle fibers, inside the device.

And why? Because the lowly abalone is able to lay down the calcium carbonate crystals in layers, making this beautiful, iridescent mother of pearl.

Bismuth silicate (BSO), Bismuth germanite (BGO) and their solid solutions have created a great deal of interest in the forms of bulk crystals and epitaxial films for opto and acousto electronic applications in integrated devices.

So a crystal that will ring if that happens.

Look at this graph here.You could buy one transistor for a dollar in 1968.