What are the likely implications of including portfolio investment under a BIT in terms of investment protection and, where applicable, in terms of admission of investment?

In addition, individual investments can lead to sequential investments by the same investor or associated investment by other firms thus creating agglomeration effects.

Second, an IPA usually also undertakes activities related to investor targeting, including identifying potential investors preparing investment profiles and feasibility studies making direct contact with prospective investors and bringing to bear all kinds of marketing and selling skills to generate an investment.

Bilateral investment treaties and their relevance to a possible

Invest, invest, invest.

Discussions had been held on issues such as a possible multilateral framework on investment and its development dimension, export processing zones, targeting investors, locational decisions of investors, outward investment promotion measures and investment incentives.

So they can be a cash, or a cause, investor.

Third, an IPA may act as a quot one stop quot agency to assist investors in the start up period of the investment.

And he'd say, Any poor devil.

Cuba supported investment that created infrastructure and contributed capital, market and technology elements.

36. With regard to the promotion of inward FDI, countries needed to elaborate a promotion strategy targeting investors and to identify the comparative advantages they could offer the latter, as well as impediments to investment.

Investment promotion agencies for inward FDI and OFDI, both in developing and developed countries, could coordinate their efforts.

While an investor might bear a market imposed reduction in the value of his investment in an emerging market, which often accounted for a small proportion of his portfolio, a massive capital outflow might cause the financial collapse of an economy.

(c) What are the steps in undertaking an investment from plans to operations and how can these steps be facilitated so that potential investors do not lose interest?

Moreover, satisfied investors not only reinvest, they also can be the best ambassadors for promoting the country to new investors.

31. In addition, to enable investors to minimize their risks and to diversify their portfolios, there is a need to widen the investment sphere. This requires assisting the MFIs which are potentially eligible for this kind of investment in making their case vis à vis potential investors.

Natural resource seeking FDI is also likely to have complementary effects on home country operations, in that it may help to secure access to important inputs.

(d) In view of the size and diversification of the investment portfolio, the Investment Management Service should increase the number of investment managers or review the possibility of hiring additional discretionary investment advisers (AS2001 95 1 14)

In as much as investment may flow in both directions, both countries parties to a BIT may pursue these two objectives simultaneously.

Licensing requirements for foreign investment have also been reduced, making investment easier for enterprises.

Other complementary sources of equity capital may include investment funds and other so called institutional investors such as insurance companies, mutual funds or pension funds.

As a result, under investment may occur even if the investment in the field concerned is socially desirable, i.e. the social rate of return on investment exceeds the private rate of return.

To facilitate the process, an IPA may assist an investor in satisfying the investment criteria and thereafter coordinate the grant of the necessary permits and approvals by the various other government agencies concerned.

Investment pooling has permitted Treasury to limit very short term deposits to approximately 20 to 25 per cent of investments, allowing the remainder to be held in marketable fixed income securities.

Relatively small quantities of public resources could be used to attract private investment.

A good investment climate is essential for attracting productive private investment that drives growth, creates sustainable jobs for poor people and improves their livelihoods.

(1)Having no available financial resources to continuously provide funds to the financial asset investment so as to hold the financial asset investment until its maturity

It was noted that improving the ratings of debt issuance to investment grade by securitization and other mechanisms could lead to opening the door to large global pools of institutional investment.

FDI can play an important role.

11. Environmental investments total investments

An UNCTAD 1996 survey of 80 investment promotion agencies (IPAs) wordwide shows that 73 per cent of the IPAs have a system of some sort for identifying and attracting investors, and assessing their economic and financial strengths.

A bigger flow of FDI would transfer technology and organizational skills and crowd in domestic investment.

For example, an IPA may, for a fee, assist in securing telephone, electricity, water and sewage connections.

Double bottom line ventures invest primarily in SMEs and include development venture capital funds where the public sector helps to cover the risks that might deter private investors while the private partner manages the investments.

The report calls for co financing of MDG based investment, and concludes that aid financed infrastructure development and human capital investments can make a vast difference in promoting investments, especially FDI.

(b) In order to establish accountability, the Investment Management Service should either (i) ensure that the fixed income investment officer acts with greater independence in the management of the portfolio or (ii) consider outsourcing the fixed income portfolio while maintaining the investment officer to monitor the performance of the outsourced portfolio (AS2003 801 02 011)

Financial investment flows procedures for estimating current and future investment flows likely to affect GHG emissions and removals by sinks

(b) The UNCTAD survey indicates that 82 per cent of the IPAs assist investors in obtaining start up permits and licences.

Its stock of foreign capital will increase steadily as foreign firms invest and reinvest in China. FDI in the country will continue to garner substantial returns, partly owing to local government hospitality.

The developing countries should bear in mind that private investors were interested only in projects that were financially attractive and were therefore unlikely to invest in social projects.

Hearings on possible multilateral framework on investment

Domestic investments are a critical resource for economic growth and sustainable development.

Investment agreements which signal that investment is valued and that all investors will be treated fairly also promote investment.

Can IPAs screen investment and also facilitate it?

At the international level, the more reliable the parameters within which industry and credit systems operated, the more willing investors would be to invest funds.