Article 33 Joint stock insurance companies, joint stock insurance holding (group) companies, exclusively foreign funded insurance companies and Sino foreign joint venture insurance companies shall be subject to the present Guidelines, while exclusively state owned insurance companies, branches of foreign insurance companies and insurance assets management companies shall be under the present Guidelines by analogy.

Widely held and controlled companies differ considerably in the governance problems their investors face. In widely held firms, the concern is about opportunism by managers, who exercise de facto control in controlled firms, the concern is about opportunism by the controlling shareholder at the expense of minority shareholders.

This relatively high percentage required for control implies that many SINTNCs may be considered as local controlled even if some 20 49 of their shares are owned by a single foreign investor.

In 1996, foreign controlled companies accounted for 46 per cent of Singapore's OFDI and, in 2002, the ratio decreased to 39 per cent.

The negative growth was also attributed to repayments of intra company loans by foreign subsidiaries and or reduction in the equity of foreign subsidiaries controlled by Singaporean TNCs. This latter phenomenon represents negative outflows of FDI from host countries back to Singapore.

It should be noted that the Department of Statistics defines foreign controlled companies as either wholly owned (100 per cent) or majority owned (at least 50 per cent of paid up shares).

These arrangements are, indeed, important for investors in widely held firms. When a company has a controlling shareholder, however, control contests are not possible, and the arrangements governing such contests are thus irrelevant.

Where the dealing party has reached an agreement or consensus with the controlling shareholder of the listed company on the assignment of the equity of the listed company or on the recommending of directors to the listed company, which may result in the change of the actual controlling right of the listed company, the controlling shareholders of the listed company and their affiliates shall withdraw from voting.

Article 11 If the purchase or sales of assets by a listed company or the company it controls or controlled by it meets one of the following standards, a material assets reorganization is constituted

Although Executive Outcomes was registered in Pretoria, its holding company, Strategic Resources Corporation (SRC), was also registered in London.

(3) Enterprises controlled or actually controlled by a securities firm

Aggregate foreign shareholding in joint venture corporations must not exceed 30 per cent.

1 The specified parties are the controlling shareholders, the actual controllers of the listed company or the affiliates controlled by the listed company

2 Actually control 5 equity or more of the securities firm by holding equity of the shareholders of the securities firm or by any other means.

This is the case of Executive Outcomes and its holding company, Strategic Resources Corporation, which is working in several countries with a profile similar to that described earlier.

(2) Shareholders and actual controllers of a securities firm

(1) parties who are actually capable of controlling the Company or funds under the management of the Company or parties exerting great influence upon the Company or the operation of funds, like controlling shareholders of the Company and trustees of funds, etc. and

It was, however, part of a holding company, Strategic Resources Corporation (SRC), which included companies with various social purposes that provided different economic services.

Dr. Bamanga Tukur, Group Chairman of the BHI Holdings Limited

Dr. Bamanga Tukur, Group Chairman of the BHI Holdings Limited

Because the basic governance problems in the two types of firms are considerably different, arrangements that benefit investors in widely held firms might be irrelevant or even counterproductive in controlled firms, and vice versa. As a result, applying a single standard for assessing investor protection worldwide is bound to miss the mark with respect to widely held firms, controlled firms, or both.

2.1 The authors were the owners of a limited company, SARL Deperraz Electricité, and of a property investment partnership, SCI Le Praley.

The financial sector continues to spearhead Singapore's OFDI. Some 47 per cent of OFDI in 1990 came from this sector.

The sector's share of OFDI consistently increased in 1990 2003.

Family capitalism in the continental European model uses relatively little capital to achieve maximum control. It frequently depends on very complex corporate structures, with multiple layers of holding companies, as well as privileged shares that can guarantee the continuation of control.

A company might have a single shareholder or group of shareholders with majority control of the company, either through holding the majority of the company's outstanding equity or through holding shares with superior voting rights.

The authors present a broad, detailed, and fair assessment of private equity the business of investing in established companies through debt financed purchases of controlling stakes. (By contrast, venture capitalists support start ups almost entirely through equity.)

Foreign companies have to set up joint venture corporations with Malaysian individuals or Malaysian controlled corporations or both.

Other companies in the holding company were still in the country, but involved in exclusively economic activities.

Investors and public officials in countries where controlled companies dominate should stop using global governance standards based on the designers experience with widely held firms in the US. Rather, they should strive to develop standards appropriate for controlled firms.

While the claimant and the respondent had signed the arbitration agreement, a company (the sole shareholder of the respondent), the individual shareholders of that company, and the wholly owned subsidiaries of the claimant had not.

Another interesting observation is that the Caribbean and Latin American countries emerged as an important host region for OFDI from Singapore.

In 2003, the region hosted some 28 per cent of OFDI from Singapore. While some of this OFDI was in the natural resources sector, a substantial portion went to tax free zones in the region.

Foreign firms are now barred from majority ownership of banks and insurance companies. Relaxing such restrictions would strengthen the financial sector and play an important role in economic growth.

the Director of Prosecutions the Commissioner of Inland Revenue or the appropriate supervisory authority of financial institutions outside Barbados at the request of that authority, where the branch, holding company or affiliate of the licensee is operating in that country.

To improve corporate governance and investor protection, public officials and investors in countries whose capital markets are dominated by controlled companies should be wary of global governance standards developed for US companies. They should focus on the special problems of controlled companies and on the rules that would work best for protecting smaller investors in such companies.

Article 2 The Measures apply to assets transaction activities (hereinafter referred to as material assets reorganization ) including the purchases and sales of assets, or assets transaction of other forms that are conducted by listed companies and companies that control them or controlled by them outside their daily business operations and that have reached the prescribed percentages, thus causing major changes in the core business, assets and income of listed companies.

The non monetary property amount shall not exceed 30 of registered capital of securities firms.

She was also charged with offences that occurred in 1997 in connection with Yukos' purchase of shares of the Vostochno Neftyanaya Company.

Article 3 Shareholders and actual controllers of securities firms shall not abuse their rights, occupy assets of the securities firm or customers, or impair the legal rights of the securities firm or its customers.

(2) Where any shareholder and actual holder of a securities firm force, incite, assist or accept the securities firm to provide financing or warranty with assets of stock brokerage clients or stock asset management clients

1 Hold no less than 5 of the registered capital of the securities firm upon subscription or acquisition of the equity of the securities firm or

a certificate of the credit standing and relevant information of those shareholders holding more than ten (10) percent of the company's shares

China Resources announced in September that its direct controlling shareholder of China Resources (Beer) Co.,Ltd. and Heineken reached a equity cooperation agreement up to HK 28.5 billion.

A State of nationality of shareholders in a corporation shall not be entitled to exercise diplomatic protection in respect of such shareholders in the case of an injury to the corporation unless