Now, even lower emissions!

Table 2. Percentage change in CH4 emissions from selected sources (1995 vs. 1990)

Reduce noxious emissions through regulations

(b) Research and development on advanced low or non emission vehicles and

Table 3. Percentage change in N2O emissions from selected sources (1995 vs. 1990)

For the three Parties which had lower emissions in 1995 than in 1990, emissions have not necessarily been decreasing throughout the six year period.

(d) Fuel switching to less greenhouse gas emitting sources

GHG emitters will have incentives to make emission reductions that cost less at the margin than the price of a permit and to invest in technological development so as to abate more cheaply in the future.

For five Parties, whose total 1990 GHG emissions represented 13 per cent of emissions from Annex I Parties, emissions were lower in 1995, ranging from 21 to 4 per cent below the 1990 level (the largest reductions being reported by Parties with economies in transition).

In order to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases, there are a number of alternatives, inter alia

Declining animal numbers reduce ruminant methane emissions.

A country with a higher elasticity of greenhouse gas emissions would therefore share a lower burden in greenhouse gas emission limitation.

(b) Projects must provide a reduction in emissions that is additional to any that would otherwise occur.

(iii) Reducing the long term costs of low greenhouse gas emitting energy technologies.

In some instances emission projections were made for various years.

The trends in emissions from 1990 to 1995 for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) varied among the reporting Parties, with the majority of them reporting lower emissions of CH4, and about half reporting lower emissions of N2O.

(e) Reduction of energy losses and greenhouse gas emissions, in particular methane, when extracting, transporting, and distributing energy

Also, it has a lower vapour pressure than gasoline, which results in less emission through evaporation (see box 1).

(vi) Develop measures to limit and or reduce emissions of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol in the transport sector including average fuel consumption targets for new vehicles, minimum excise duty on fuels, promotion of low emission transport modes and other instruments

(c) Reduction of energy losses and greenhouse gas emissions, in particular methane, when extracting, transporting, and distributing energy and

Slovakia has a national target of reducing by 20 per cent its carbon dioxide emissions in 2005 compared to 1988 levels it expects its emissions in 2000 to be 16 per cent lower than in 1990.

Although the share of these emissions in total N2O emissions is only 15 per cent, and less than 1 per cent of total GHG emissions, these emissions have grown substantially, more than 35 per cent, since 1990.

With respect to air quality, a number of steps have been taken to reduce emissions, such as introduction of fees on emissions of nitrogen oxides and stricter requirements on emissions from industrial activities.

(b) Research and development aimed at low CO2 emitting vehicles and fuels

Type (iii) project activities other project activities that both reduce anthropogenic emissions by sources and directly emit less than 15 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent annually (decision 17 CP.7, paragraph 6 (c) (iii))

With respect to the selection of the first option, the Chief Administrative Officer noted that it would be the most cost effective arrangement.

Possible formats for QELROs include the following

Nineteen Parties reported emissions lower than 1 million tonnes CO2 equivalent in contrast, 22 Parties reported emissions higher than 100 million tonnes CO2 equivalent.

If dry ice is used, the outer packaging or overpack should permit the release of carbon dioxide gas.

But, while emissions in the rich nations were far above the permissible limit, Sri Lankan emissions were, at 660 kilograms, well below it. As Sri Lanka s government pointed out, That means low emitting countries like us could not emit more because our space has already been exploited by developed or global heavy polluting countries without our consent.

Green carbon, which is the deforestation and agricultural emissions, and blue carbon together comprise 25 percent of our emissions.

At the end of a budget period applicable to a Party, any amount by which the Party apos s emissions of tonnes of carbon equivalent is under its emissions budget for that period may be carried over and added to its emissions budget for the next budget period.

The fastest growing source of CO2 emissions for the majority of Parties was transport, where emissions were increasing even for some of those Parties which in 1995 registered lower levels of total CO2 emissions than in 1990.

As the United Kingdom s National Grid operators have found, a small decline in electricity consumption does not translate into less energy being pumped into the grid, and therefore will not reduce emissions. Moreover, during Earth Hour, any significant drop in electricity demand will entail a reduction in CO2 emissions during the hour, but it will be offset by the surge from firing up coal or gas stations to restore electricity supplies afterwards.

Next, under the premise that the total discharge of pollutants does not exceed the total allowable emission volume, the internal resources of pollution began to swap discharge capacities via currency exchange.

(a) Reduce its 1990 level of anthropogenic emissions of CO2 by at least 20 per cent by 2005 and

Latvia expects to achieve about 25 30 per cent lower emission levels in the year 2000 as compared to 1990 levels.

ZERI Zero Emissions Research Initiative

(c) Development and implementation strategies of alternative modes the development and implementation strategies of urban public transport and of alternative intercity transport modes that are low CO2 emitters should be encouraged.

There is a carbon calculator. Participant Productions convened, with my active involvement, the leading software writers in the world on this arcane science of carbon calculation to construct a consumer friendly carbon calculator.

ratio of actual to sustainable discharges

Emission projections were based on standard regression models, without the use of macroeconomic and energy models.

Italy apos s level is among the lowest within the EU and the lowest among G 7 countries.

But I would recall that there are a few formal proposals with regard to the adoption of a programme of work.

The US auto industry should be re tooled for low carbon emission automobiles, either plug in hybrids or pure battery operated vehicles. Either technology will depend on a national electricity grid that uses low emission forms of power generation, such as wind, solar, nuclear, or coal fired plants that capture and store the carbon dioxide emissions.