Translation of "异养菌" to English language:
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异养菌 - 翻译 :
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细菌能够计算 并区分自己周围同种与异种细菌的数量 | What happens is that bacteria are able to count how many of me and how many of you. |
这与细菌进入人体的情况不同 细菌是外来的异物 我们希望将它赶出去 | It's different when a bacteria comes into the body that's a foreign object we want that out. |
最坏的可能性是最简单的细菌 例如葡萄球菌 虽然我们仍有对其 有效的抗菌素 但是其已发生变异 | The worst possibility is that a very simple germ, like staph, for which we have one antibiotic that still works, mutates. |
我可以把菌丝培养为 非孢子形式 | I was able to morph the culture into a non sporulating form. |
液体中的糖分 给细菌生长的养分 | And the bacteria are feeding on the sugar nutrients in the liquid. |
当我们用传统抗生素来杀菌时 会同时培养筛选出有耐药性的突变菌株 | We kill bacteria with traditional antibiotics and that selects for resistant mutants. |
危险之处在于 一些细菌例如葡萄球菌将会 变异成一种非常致命及传播性的细菌 会在我们能采取行动之前就席卷全人类 | The danger is that some germ like staph will be will mutate into something that's really virulent, very contagious, and will sweep through populations before we can do anything about it. |
它们产生树种 它们产生残片为菌丝提供养料 | They give rise to the trees, they create the debris fields that feed the mycelium. |
登记和诊断营养的细菌疾病的制度不够有效 | (e) Insufficiently effective system to register and diagnose nutritional bacterial diseases |
她怀疑这种差异与小白鼠的肠道微生物 (指通常生活在胃肠道内的细菌 病毒和真菌) 群落有关 | She suspected the difference had to do with the mice's gut microbiomes the community of bacteria, viruses and fungi that normally live within the gastrointestinal tract. |
于是我们的团队开发出了一种新的技术 来培养和克隆 整个细菌染色体 在酵母菌内 | So our team developed new techniques for actually growing, cloning entire bacterial chromosomes in yeast. |
现在我们发现植物之间可以多向输送养分 由菌丝中介 所以菌丝就是母亲 向桤树 桦树 到铁杉 雪松和道格拉斯冷杉输送养料 | We have now discovered that there is a multi directional transfer of nutrients between plants, mitigated by the mcyelium so the mycelium is the mother that is giving nutrients from alder and birch trees to hemlocks, cedars and Douglas firs. |
我们都要学会养成一点 异国癖 | And we need to figure out how to cultivate xenophiles. |
这导致了变异的发生 这些病菌没有被杀死 反而产生了抗药性 | Which is why the parasite is beginning to develop a resistance. |
为了理解细菌如何影响免疫系统 研究人员在液体中培养路氏乳杆菌 然后将无细菌的少量液体转移到从小白鼠分离出的未成熟免疫细胞中 | To understand how the bacteria affected the immune system, the researchers grew L. reuteri in liquid and then transferred small amounts of the liquid without bacteria to immature immune cells isolated from mice. |
你们在这张幻灯看到的 是我实验室的一个工作人员 握着一瓶装满这种细菌的培养液 这是一种来自海洋的 美丽而且无害的细菌 费氏弧菌 . | What you're looking at on this slide is just a person from my lab holding a flask of a liquid culture of a bacterium, a harmless beautiful bacterium that comes from the ocean, named Vibrio fischeri. |
j 该团体似乎是在其住处的秘密实验室中培养沙门氏菌 | m Padilla v. Bush et al., 233 F. Supp. 2d 564, 2002 U.S. Dist LEXIS 23086 (Southern District New York, 2002). |
里面还有很多奇异的东西 比如这个真菌 它就生长在一个枯萎的木头上 | But there are many wonders back in there, like this weird fungus on some of the collapsed timbers. |
这一规则同样适用于异性夫妇收养子女 | The same applies in the case of adoption by an opposite sex couple. |
我们发现, 当细菌独立存在, 经稀释后进行悬浮培养时, 它们不发光 | What we noticed is when the bacteria were alone, so when they were in dilute suspension, they made no light. |
然后我们培养它们 当然是无菌的 用一种叫做细胞培养基的东西 类似于他们的食物 然后我们在孵化器中培养他们 | And we feed them sterilely of course with what we call cell culture media which is like their food and we grow them in incubators. |
再看看真菌 包括蘑菇 锈菌 霉菌以及其他携带病原体的真菌 | Consider the fungi including mushrooms, rusts, molds and many disease causing organisms. |
有一个现象倒是与此种情形很相似 培养皿中细菌数量的增加曲线 | An analogue would be the growth of bacteria in a petri dish. |
小白鼠在无菌环境中饲养 因此它们缺乏肠道微生物 并且不能出现这种免疫细胞 存在路氏乳杆菌则产生免疫细胞 | Mice reared in a sterile environment so they lacked a gut microbiome and do not develop this kind of immune cell were given L. reuteri and the immune cells arose. |
尤其是考虑一个基本的观点 我认为在有害的病菌中出现 大量的变异是合理的 | And in particular, to think about a fundamental idea which I think makes sense out of a tremendous amount of variation in the harmfulness of disease organisms. |
这来自一种名为耐辐射奇异球菌的生物 能在三百万拉德的辐射剂量下保持活力 | This is derived from an organism, deinococcus radiodurans, that can take three million rads of radiation and not be killed. |
离异者有权享有的养老金数额按以下几条决定 | A subsequent marriage (by the applicant for the survivor's pension) must not exist. |
随后就感染了肺炎球菌 或其他的细菌 如链球菌 这些细菌大量增殖 然后流感患者就得了细菌性肺炎 | And along comes pneumococcus or another bacteria, streptococcus and boom, they get a bacterial pneumonia. |
这个菌比较奇特 是铁原体菌 | This is a really odd one. This is Ferroplasma. |
在培养皿中 细菌繁殖 每隔一代 数目翻倍 只需五代 便告终结 起初 培养皿会有15 16的空白区域 而一代之后 只剩下3 4的空间 再下一代 只有一半 当培养皿还有一半空间时 只需要再有一代 培养皿就被占满了 因为没有了更多的食物来源 这个细菌社会于是崩溃 | In a petri dish, bacteria grow. Say they double every generation, and five generations before the end the petri dish is 15 16ths empty, and then the next generation's 3 4ths empty, and the next generation half empty. Within one generation after the petri dish still being half empty, it is full. There's no more food and the bacteria have collapsed. |
个体差异化还会被应用在饮食上 以及营养摄入等领域 | And it's going to be used for diet as well, and nutritional supplements and such. |
那些弧菌和细菌确实可以感染人类 | These vibrios, these bacteria, can actually infect people. |
当抗生素靠近的时候 人体内靠近肌肉细胞的葡萄球菌可以从肌肉细胞中借出基因 从而变异 | A staph cell can be next to a muscle cell in your body and borrow genes from it when antibiotics come, and change and mutate. |
我要向你们展示6个真菌学方案 利用真菌 这些方案以菌丝为基础 | I want to present to you a suite of six mycological solutions, using fungi, and these solutions are based on mycelium. |
我们发现在智利 在病毒入侵秘鲁后的两个月内 就会在智利发现菌株 当留心观察这些菌株 在这幅图的很靠左侧的地方 你会看到毒素生产中的许多变异 | And we found that in Chile within two months of the invasion of Peru you had strains entering Chile and when you look at those strains, in the very far left hand side of this graph, you see a lot of variation in the toxin production. |
我们知道葡萄球菌是令人吃惊的细菌 | And we know staph can do amazing things. |
但昆虫并不傻 它们可以在接近孢子的时候避开它 所以我把菌丝培养为非孢子形式 | But the insects aren't stupid, and they would avoid the spores when they came close, and so I morphed the cultures into a non sporulating form. |
真菌不趋向于因滋生细菌而引发腐烂 所以我们最好的抗生素来自真菌 | Fungi don't like to rot from bacteria, and so our best antibiotics come from fungi. |
那些真菌和细菌和人类都是高度演化的 | Those fungi and bacteria are as highly evolved as humans. |
它不仅从地球里出来 它的生物源来自于火山活动 但这些细菌供养群居在这里的生物 | Not only is it coming out of the Earth so, biogenesis made from volcanic activity but that bacteria supports these colonies of life. |
这是一个自然过程 它现在也在自然界中进行着 一旦我们停止喂养细菌 它们就会死去 | It's a natural process. It goes on in nature today, and the bacteria die as soon as we stop feeding them. |
实际上在菌丝停止产生孢子时 我寻找菌丝 | I actually chased the mycelium, when it stopped producing spores. |
诺瓦博士的病菌 吉米 你不会发动细菌战吧 | Dr Noah's bacillus? Now, Jimmy, even you wouldn't release germ warfare. |
(a) 未提到职工向养恤基金缴款与当地比较者计划之间的差异 | (a) The exclusion of differences in employee contributions to UNJSPF and local comparator schemes |
然而 由于居住地点和教育水平不同 营养不良的比例有很大差异 | However, the malnutrition rates exhibit significant variations by place of residence and level of education. |
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