ARMED CONFLICTS HOSTILITIES

Monitoring of the cessation of hostilities and movements of armed groups

(b) Monitor the ceasefire and movement of armed groups and prevent hostile actions, in particular within the zone of confidence

An armed conflict is usually a situation during which periods of hostilities are interspersed with periods of truce.

86. In international humanitarian law, there are numerous references to the concept of participation in hostilities , or to direct participation in hostilities but not to that of participation in armed conflicts .

With regard to the proposed definition of armed conflict , he pointed out that the Vienna Conventions referred to the outbreak of hostilities .

Thus McNair and Watts point to the fact that a state of war may exist even if no armed force is being employed by the opposing parties and no actual hostilities between them are occurring.

Contingent owned equipment lost as a result of hostile action

Those renegades have pursued hostilities against MONUC, FARDC units and civilian populations.

During discussions on persons having taken part in the hostilities Article 45 of Protocol I. it was underlined that the word hostilities covers not only the time that the civilian actually makes use of a weapon, but also, for example, the time that he is carrying it, as well as situations in which he undertakes hostile acts without using a weapon.

3. Also reaffirms that each party to an armed conflict, as soon as circumstances permit and, at the latest, from the end of active hostilities, shall search for the persons who have been reported missing by an adverse party

4. Also reaffirms that each party to an armed conflict, as soon as circumstances permit and, at the latest, from the end of active hostilities, shall search for the persons who have been reported missing by an adverse party

International humanitarian law regulates the conduct of hostilities for all parties to an armed conflict.

Countries not participating in armed hostilities may also be affected, if, for example, their agricultural lands were affected by depleted uranium, chemical or biological weapons.

Recognizing with grave concern the growing trend towards recruitment, training and use of children in hostilities by armed groups,

92. Finally, article 38, paragraph 2, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child refers to direct participation in hostilities and not in armed conflicts.

Moreover, liability might be excepted when, for instance, the damage had been the result of armed conflict, hostilities, civil war or insurrection or the result of a natural phenomena.

The word hostilities should be changed to armed conflict to broaden the scope and to be consistent with amended article 1.

The observer for Slovakia suggested that the word hostilities should be added, in square brackets, after the words an armed conflict .

States parties shall take all appropriate measures to prevent recruitment of persons under the age of 18 years by non governmental armed groups involved in hostilities.

91. The term quot hostilities quot was defined during the Diplomatic Conference of 1974 1977 as quot acts of war that by their nature or purpose strike at the personnel and matériel of enemy armed forces .

Effective arms control measures can only be achieved and sustained in a region where war, armed conflict, terrorism, political hostility and incitement are not features of everyday life.

Globally, young people feel that they are extremely vulnerable to armed conflict, whether caused by civil strife, drug wars or ethnic hostilities, the last sometimes being transmitted intergenerationally.

The topics discussed included the question of the minimum age of those participating in hostilities, the issue of direct or indirect involvement in hostilities, the age of recruitment, be it voluntary or compulsory, into the armed forces, and whether or not a clause should be included in the draft optional protocol preventing child recruitment by non governmental armed groups.

She also believes that the military hostilities adjacent to the Ethiopian Somali border are governed by the rules pertaining to international armed conflict.

Reiterating its serious concern regarding the continuation of hostilities by armed groups and militias in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at the violations of human rights and of international humanitarian law that accompany them, and at the threat they pose to the holding of elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,

The measures are monitored by the Ministry of the Armed Forces through the Materiel Service Directorate.

84. It has also been noted that in practice a child who is a member of the armed forces or of an armed group and who takes an indirect part in hostilities is very difficult to distinguish from the other members of the forces or group.

Thirdly, the presence of younger soldiers in the armed forces raises questions about the effectiveness of the prohibition on the participation in hostilities of those under 18 years.

64. It is evident that a child who has been recruited by the armed forces or by an armed group before the age of 18 runs a greater risk of subsequently participating in hostilities should they break out before he has reached that age.

Hostilities in the area escalated in May with armed exchanges between Hizbollah and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and with rocket firing by unidentified armed elements.

11. Through the provisions of the Constitution, Panama clearly observes the rules of international law calling for special protection of children involved in hostilities or armed conflicts.

For the outbreak of hostilities read incidents of hostile acts

Reiterating its serious concern regarding the continuation of hostilities by militias and foreign armed groups in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and at the threat they pose to the holding of elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,

The political stagnation there is fraught with the danger that hostilities might flare up again as the result of yet another armed incident.

(b) Losses due to acts of war or hostilities are those which occurred as a result of the existence of actual war conditions in the area of operations armed action by local military forces or militia and any other type of hostilities, including hijacking and other acts of banditry

3. With regard to article 10 of the Declaration, Portugal considers that children aged under 18 years should not take part in hostilities either directly or indirectly, including through enlistment in the armed forces or armed groups.

During Active Hostilities

2. As to the first of the two draft protocols, Spain apos s policy has been to support an age limit of 18 years, at least for participation in hostilities or taking part in armed conflicts.

The delegations of Malaysia, Uruguay and Iraq pointed out that instead of the word hostilities , they would prefer the words armed conflicts .

distinction since military operations are only to be conducted against the enemy's armed forces and military objectives, there must be a clear distinction between the armed forces and civilians and between objects that might be legitimately attacked and those that are protected from attack.

The Council expressed its grave concern at the harmful impact of armed conflict on children, strongly condemned the targeting of children in armed conflicts, including their humiliation, brutalization, sexual abuse, abduction and forced displacement, as well as their recruitment and use in hostilities in violation of international law, and called upon all parties concerned to put an end to such activities.

55. The present document is an analytical summary of the main points to which ICRC attaches special importance and which it has endeavoured to address in recent years, namely, minimum age of recruitment, minimum age of participation in hostilities, the notions of direct and indirect participation, the notions of armed conflict and hostilities, compulsory recruitment and voluntary enlistment, and armed groups.

It is well established that armed conflict can have no effect on international humanitarian law (IHL) such as the Geneva and Hague Conventions and Protocols, those treaties dealing with the use of particular weapons and other treaties dealing with aspects of armed conflict since all such treaties were specifically designed to deal with an aspect of armed hostilities.

Prior to Commencement of Active Hostilities