Companies switching from CFCs to other substances were accumulating growing volumes of CFCs for disposal, but could not keep them in storage indefinitely, and lacked the technical and financial capacity to destroy them.

The 1998 Declaration on HCFCs, HFCs and PFCs could also usefully be revisited.

The next thing is sodium chloride.

Carbon tetrachloride

Other ODS, in particular CTC, TCA and HCFCs as well as refrigerant blends containing CFCs and methyl bromide are receiving less attention and are less comprehensively monitored and controlled.

Other ODS are also being considered for inclusion.

Imports of CFC 11 show a radical decline, even the demand for CFC 12 is partly decreasing while CFC prices tend to increase.

In accordance with the Montreal Amendment to the Montreal Protocol licensing systems should be systematically applied not only to CFCs but also to imports and exports of other ODS, in particular to CTC, TCA, HCFCs, refrigerant blends containing CFCs and methyl bromide.

Mr. Kuijpers noted that related gases (CFCs, HFCs, HCFCs and PFCs) were used in a variety of sectors, including refrigeration and air conditioning, foams, medical aerosols, fire protection and non medical aerosols.

This compares with their major alternatives, HCFC 22 (global warming potential 1,780), HFC 134a (global warming potential 1,410), and HFC 141b (global warming potential 713).

The main problem occurs with HCFCs and blends of CFCs which gradually take over portions of the CFC market and might then be the object of illicit commerce themselves.

Other ODS, in particular CTC, TCA and HCFCs as well as refrigerant blends containing CFCs and methyl bromide are receiving less attention and are less comprehensively monitored and controlled.

For example, the Medical Technical Options Committee expressed the belief that it was critical during the final stages of the phase out of CFC MDIs that stockpiles of CFCs meeting quality requirements be utilized in preference to the production of new CFCs.

Training of customs officers focuses mainly on refrigerants (foremost CFC) while other ODS such as solvents (CTC, TCA) and methyl bromide are dealt with only in general terms.

Polychlorinated dibenzo p dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD PCDF), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).

They're exposed to chemicals like chloropicrin, which was originally used as a nerve gas.

Transition from CFC 11 had almost been achieved in Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 and remaining use was less than 5 per cent of the original baseline, supported by the fact that CFC 11 prices were now at the same level as those of HCFC 141b.

You would have a fluorine, carbon, carbon, chlorine.

He also noted that progress report of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel did not clearly indicate whether CFC MDIs or CFC free MDIs were to be preferred.

To authorize the following levels of production and consumption necessary to satisfy essential uses of chlorofluorocarbons for metered dose inhalers for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

This is due to a decrease in the emission of CFCs and, particularly, to a stabilization of HCFC emissions between 2002 and 2015.

E. Decision XVII __ Laboratory and analytical uses of carbon tetrachloride

It is, however, very difficult for customs officers to distinguish with certainty recycled reclaimed CFCs from virgin substances even with certificates of origin.

E. Draft decision XVII E Laboratory and analytical uses of carbon tetrachloride

Illegal imports of CFCs have actually been detected in several cases.

One representative expressed his concern that the table supplied by TEAP did not contain data on emissions for most of the proposed uses of carbon tetrachloride, or on consumption for the proposed use of CFC 113.

The representative of the Russian Federation then confirmed that his country would prefer a decision granting the 286 tonnes of CFC that it had originally requested, rather than the 400 tonnes that had been recommended by TEAP the country was in any case experiencing difficulties in importing greater amounts.

He said that CFC free MDIs ought to be promoted as soon as possible.

To facilitate the depletion of stockpiles, the Committee suggested that the Parties might wish to consider allowing the transfer of allocations and stockpiles between MDI manufacturers and between different active ingredients.

This is mainly due to the fact that all countries visited have been implementing RMPs or sectoral CFC phase out plans with specific targets for the reduction of CFC consumption.

From the point of view of prevention of illegal trade it is very important that HCFCs are included since otherwise CFCs could be traded under trade names and customs codes of HCFCs, thereby escaping by and large customs controls.

The Committee also recommended that table B of decision XV 7 be updated to reflect any changes made to table A and that Israel be included in table B because its use of carbon tetrachloride (CTC) for removing nitrogen trichloride (NCL3) in the production of chlorine was a well known process agent use.

The reporting of CTC had been variable and would be addressed to the extent possible and he agreed that the issue of HCFCs could be re examined at such time as the Executive Committee took a decision on that matter.

In most countries, quotas allocated to importers of CFCs have not been fully used.

In response to a question on the increase in the price of CFC 12, the Open ended Working Group was informed that while prices varied by region, the price increases of CFC 12 had been considerably less than those of HFC 134a.

He also said that the Technical Options Committee had been aware of the losses of CFCs in the process of making MDIs but had not included the CFCs reported as destroyed into the total being approved for specific essential use nominations.

Since the introduction and actual application of the licensing system, significant reduction of CFC consumption has been achieved in most countries due to the increasingly restricted availability of CFCs (see Table 5 below).

Through the restricted availability of CFC which is a consequence of the application of import licensing, price differences between controlled and alternative refrigerants have significantly decreased, mostly through increases in CFC prices.

In conclusion, he called for Parties to the Montreal Protocol to instruct the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund to cease funding new HCFC and HFC projects, and to review those for which funding had been agreed but had not yet been implemented, to introduce a second round of funding for phase out of HCFCs and HFCs, to accelerate phase out of HCFCs and, in collaboration with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to place a global cap on production of HFCs.

In March 2005, the Secretariat engaged a consultant to continue the preparation of the specific technical guidelines on the pesticides aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex and toxaphene, and also on the industrial chemical hexachlorobenzene (industrial chemical) Australia has revised the draft specific technical guidelines on PCDDs and PCDFs, the first draft of which was submitted to the Open ended Working Group at its third session in Geneva.

The training focused mainly on CFC refrigerants, while other ozone depleting substances were dealt with only in general terms.

He noted that while the amounts of CFCs held in banks were decreasing, the amounts of HFC and HCFCs in banks were expanding, and that there were no regulatory obligations under either the Montreal Protocol or the Kyoto Protocol to restrict emissions from banked material.

You know we use PVC, and we sheath wires with PVC for insulation.

Aware that hydrochlorofluorocarbon 22 (HCFC 22) used as feedstock in the manufacture of other chemicals is not controlled under the Montreal Protocol,

This is chlorocyclopentane.