These cancers include acute lymphoblastic leukaemia acute myelogenous leukaemia chronic lymphocytic leukaemia hairy cell leukaemia non Hodgkin's lymphoma Hodgkin's disease melodysplastic syndrome multiple myeloma retinoblastoma Ewing sarcoma Wilms tumour neuroblastoma sarcoma rhabdomyosarcoma testis tumour and lung cancer.

Leukemia cells treated with this compound turn into normal white blood cells.

We then take the cells, the vascular cells, blood vessel cells, we perfuse the vascular tree with the patient's own cells.

And out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.

Because in ALL leukemia, that set of genes over there over expresses.

(c) Sprut MBI determination of volumes of intra and extra cellular fluid, total circulating blood volume and the proportion of cellular and fluid blood components in the human body under conditions of weightlessness

You place the vascular blood vessel lining cells on the inside.

Every red blood cell of your body right now has these hourglass shaped pores called aquaporins.

In MLL, it's the middle set of genes, and in AML, it's the bottom set of genes.

Memory B cells turn into plasma cells, which produce wave after wave of the specific antibodies that latch onto HIV to prevent it from infecting cells, while squadrons of killer T cells seek out and destroy cells that are already HIV infected.

A blood vessel is made up of two different cell types.

This is one One of the things that one does occasionally need to do is to separate blood cells from serum.

Blood is a complicated stew of plasma proteins, red blood cells, platelets, and other cellular components. These elements perform crucial functions, such as transporting oxygen, nutrients, and immunoglobulins (which defend against infection), and regulating water content, temperature, and pH level.

A similar approach of taking immune cells out of patients and teaching them how to target cancer cells has worked in treating a type of leukaemia.

We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages that are streaming down a capillary, and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall, and they're picking up information from cells that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information that there's an inflammation somewhere outside, where they can't see and sense.

So we actually perfuse first the blood vessel tree with the patient's own blood vessel cells, and we then infiltrate the parenchyma with the liver cells.

Tumor cells can travel through the blood vessels.

Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem cell therapy for over 40 years.

Freitas has a design for a robotic white blood cell.

But see how much of the protein is still throughout the nucleus, even in the dividing cell.

Well basically that means that this protein is changing from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.

So here's an image of red blood cells, and now we can actually map where the hemozoin and where the malaria parasites are inside those red blood cells.

And we then can re perfuse the liver with cells, preserving the blood vessel tree.

In a human being, down in here it could be make blood cells, start cancer.

It was a rare gem a brain tumor, hemangioblastoma the gift that keeps on giving.

As cell division begins the nucleus disintegrates, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and those special proteins undergo a three dimensional sequence whereby they attach and they literally click into place end on end to form chains.

Let's start with leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL, the most common cancer of children.

And the first thing that makes me think is that blood vessels are like highways for the tumor cells.

In the lab, we micro pattern channels in the biomaterials on which we grow the cells, and this allows us to flow the cell culture media, the cells' food, through the scaffolds where we're growing the cells a lot like what you might expect from a capillary bed in the heart.

The guts of the mice were DNA sequenced and it was found six bacterial species present in the mice with the immune cells but absent from the mice without them.

This little guy is called the kinesin, and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins to wherever it's needed in the cell whether it's to a membrane, whether it's to an organelle, whether it's to build something or repair something.

So, I added these protocells together to the system, and protocell A and protocell B fused together to form a hybrid protocell AB.

You can think of them as little proteins that are like solar cells.

In fact, if you actually block angiogenesis and prevent blood vessels from ever reaching cancer cells, tumors simply can't grow up.

For this fish, it's actually whole cells with nuclei and membranes.

This is a normal cell. This is a cancer cell.

And the bacterium needs tryptophan one of the building blocks of proteins to trigger the cells' appearance.

Each cell in the body contains DNA, which is responsible for producing the proteins that are necessary for a cell s functioning. Though all cells in the body have the same DNA, only a subset of the genes encoded by the DNA is expressed in each cell type, thus accounting for the difference between, say, a skin cell, a liver cell, and a brain cell.

And the same vessels that are feeding tumors allow cancer cells to exit into the circulation as metastases.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

There's a class of cells, a fairly small cell, an inhibitory cell, that quiets its neighbors.

We're made of cells and stuff between cells.

In effect, the cancer cell was forgetting it was cancer and becoming a normal cell.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

Cells?