Any new issue must be directly trade related.

The expert indicated that Korean OFDI had led to a trade surplus because of intra firm trade.

The international environment Trade liberalization, FDI and integration

Traders are not necessarily experts in any of the key trade efficiency sectors but will, however, have experienced directly or indirectly the impact of these sectors at some point during the trading process.

Its mandates had been streamlined and focused on key issues directly related to trade and development.

Africa still participates in world trade with foreign direct investment flows of less than 4 per cent.

At the same time, it welcomed the cooperation between WTO and UNCTAD on trade and FDI issues.

As a result, the issue was no longer whether trade led to FDI or FDI led to trade but how firms accessed resources and where they located their value added activities investment and trade flows were determined simultaneously by the locational decisions of TNCs.

It is a member of the Inter agency Task Force on Trade in Services, the Inter agency Task Force on Coordinated Survey on FDI Stock and the Direct Investment Technical Expert Group.

Currently, UNCTAD and ITC were working together to develop an investment map, which would combine statistics on FDI, international trade and market access.

Malaysia had benefited in many ways from trade liberalization and foreign direct investment.

A photostat reproduction of UNCITRAL document A CN.9 423 of 10 April 1996.

Increased and immediate technical assistance should be extended to landlocked developing countries to ensure their effective participation in the World Trade Organization trade negotiations, particularly those related to trade facilitation.

While trade had grown rapidly, FDI had also grown rapidly since the early 1980s in fact, more rapidly than trade and domestic production.

The significant results obtained, for example, in developing efficient business information centres and in bringing about convergence between ITC apos s company registers (COMREG) and the Trade Points apos ETO system are of immediate value for the users of the Global Trade Point Network and for Trade Promotion Organizations in general.

According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), liberalization of foreign direct investment regimes may have been a factor that helped to reverse the downward trend in new foreign direct investment inflows to developing countries.

Recalling the analysis of FDI trade interlinkages provided in the World Investment Report 1996, he emphasized that the interrelationships between trade and FDI had to be taken into account in national and international policy formulation.

Competition law and policy have also been linked more directly to trade issues.

However, the ITC was also interested in analysing FDI for export trade purposes.

Together with the Bank, UNCTAD is handling a UNDP funded technical cooperation project on the Expansion of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade in Services (EFDITS).

At the time, the Bank of Zambia was deeply involved both directly and through Commercial Banks in International Finance and Trade.

(a) Support in establishing or upgrading local institutions (i.e. trade points, shippers councils, chambers of commerce, etc.) designed to provide direct assistance to traders in dealing with transport problems

Finally, after the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations had for the first time directly addressed issues relating to FDI in the context of GATT, the members of the World Trade Organization, at its first ministerial conference (Singapore, 9 13 December 1996), agreed to establish a working group to examine the relationship between trade and investment.

Its current blockage of the adoption by the European Council of the Commission's financial aid and direct trade regulations stands witness to this reality.

Presentations were made on competition policy and its interface with trade and foreign direct investment, as well as on the outlook for competition policy beyond the WTO Singapore meeting

Currently, Hong Kong is the primary location for Mainland China's outward direct investment. Hong Kong is also Mainland China s second largest trading partner.

(c) In a directly related area, UNCTAD is lead agency for the organization of the United Nations Special Initiative on Africa apos s section on trade access and opportunities.

A joint IOM UNCTAD study entitled Foreign Direct Investment, Trade, Aid, and Migration was released in November 1996.

Attempts to regulate FDI should take into account that the FDI issue was inextricably linked with trade issues and intellectual property rights, and UNCTAD should therefore promote the study of these important areas.

It is now motivated to use OFDI in promoting exports, acquiring technology abroad, building trade supporting networks and gaining insider status in emerging trading blocs with the strategic objective of global competitiveness.

UNCTAD also provides direct substantive support to small island developing States members of the World Trade Organization, providing information and analysis on the impact of trade liberalization on small island developing States economies.

This operation was being carried out with the Canadian company Reuven International, given the impossibility of direct trade, which had already increased the transaction cost by 8 per cent.

The world knows what is needed fair trade, increased direct assistance and debt relief.

To date, 60 trade points have been established and 17 centres have been connected using the Internet facility.

Many countries lack human resources (skills) and capital (savings, taxes, foreign direct investment), and this will limit the potential to develop their international trade competitiveness and their capabilities with regard to becoming trade efficient.

This was followed by an address by the Director General of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

An analysis of the real side of the economy trade and investment and direct non portfolio investment which related more directly to the creation of economic opportunities for people in poverty, would have been useful.

10. This greater intertwining of FDI and trade called for coordinated policy approaches.

Important benefits of trade and transport facilitation measures relate to time savings, which often outweigh direct cost savings.

On the contrary, OFDI is more likely to be undertaken for the purpose of accessing foreign technologies or building trade supporting infrastructures overseas.

The distribution of gains from increases in both trade and foreign direct investment remains very skewed, with a few getting the most.

The European Union favoured early progress towards a multilateral FDI instrument to be negotiated in WTO.

Subsequently, the Japanese trading houses also adopted this strategy.

However, these effects can be grouped in different ways, as direct and indirect, trade and financial, economic and social, primary and secondary, temporary and long lasting.6 An illustration of various categories of effects is set out below.

There is a direct link between human rights, trade and development policy of national as well as the WTO, the World Bank, the IMF and regional development institutions, the corporate sector and development practitioners.