That was strictly a capital markets phenomena.

Local currency government debt markets have performed fairly well during the crisis, while local currency corporate debt markets have played a more modest role as a vehicle for longer term finance. This suggests that domestic reforms aimed at reducing issuance costs, improving disclosure requirements, enhancing creditors rights frameworks, and tackling other inhibiting factors could bring high returns.

व श व क प ज क र ख फ र ट यर क ओर

Financial and Capital Market Commission

As the recently released report Towards a Green Economy Pathways to Sustainable Development and Poverty Eradication shows, the market economy as currently constituted has resulted in the misallocation of capital on an unprecedented scale.

(iv) The growth of domestic capital markets, particularly in developing countries, and its relationship with foreign portfolio investment.

Europe s Chimerical Capital Markets Union

In the 1990s, free market principles had been applied only to markets in products and capital, leaving out the unskilled labour market.

In market economies, this function is performed by commercial banks and the capital markets.

Of the more than 20 stock markets in Africa, most are undercapitalized they account for some 7 per cent of the capitalization of emerging stock markets and list no more than a handful of companies.

Government and other non market producers cost of capital of own assets

Comparison of cost value and market value of investments . 96

There was the view that, in capital markets, long term flows should be liberalized before short term ones.

A summary of the investments as at 31 December 1997, and a comparison of their cost and market values, will be found in annex II, schedules 2 and 3.

I want to talk about it from the perspective of capital markets.

For the first time, a crisis originating in the developing world had had a profound impact on capital markets of the North.

It's financeable in the private capital market.

In the bond market, since June, due to the influence of multiple factors such as fundamentals and investor sentiment, the bond market has taken on a trend of improvement.

The participation of foreign investors in these markets means that the risks of sudden reversals of foreign capital inflows is not eliminated.

Today what we have is basically a brown carbon marketplace.

Capital markets

The liberalization of financial markets has made it easier for larger SMEs to gain access to international capital markets.

New financial measures have been introduced whereby the Housing Fund of Finland has been able to access international capital in addition to the domestic investor market.

By investing in these markets, SMEs can reduce the large costs associated with gathering information about the foreign market (UNCTAD 2004b).

Similar reckless lending practices prevailed in the leveraged buyout market, where private equity firms take over public companies and finance the deals with high debt ratios the leveraged loan market, where banks provide financing to private equity firms and the asset backed commercial paper market, where banks use off balance sheet schemes to borrow very short term.

These rapid changes have rattled global financial markets and spooked investors, reducing their appetite for risk a cautious attitude that has been reflected in emerging markets. Investors have sat on the sidelines, and the MSCI index that tracks returns on emerging market equities has stagnated.

The investment officer who covers the Japanese and Australian equity markets would become responsible for all developed Asian markets, with coverage expanded to Singapore and Hong Kong which are at present covered by the investment officer in charge of the emerging equity markets.

Unemployment up. Housing values down. Equity markets down.

Because in Africa today, we are competing globally for capital.

Thus, capital markets themselves tended to undermine the countries credit worthiness.

Reasons for OFDI now include, apart from seeking markets, to acquire strategic assets like technology, marketing and brand names, and establish trade supporting networks.

Currently, the investment section has six investment officers who cover global equity markets and fixed income investments.

Along with rapid development of China's direct financing market and wealth management market, the asset custody market has played an increasingly important role.

The market in Japan, itself a tea producer, is the largest in the world in terms of sales value.

Assistance in capacity building could help municipal authorities in laying the groundwork for accessing capital markets.

However, since the dynamics of domestic currency bond markets are linked to external bond markets, they are not immune to external volatility, and recent experience calls into question the effectiveness of local capital markets as a buffer against external volatility, particularly for a country considered as a high credit risk.

Cuba supported investment that created infrastructure and contributed capital, market and technology elements.

Financial market liberalization

Huang Runzhong, head of the Secretariat of the China Banking Association, said asset custody has become an important link connecting the money market, capital market and real economy. It is also an important institutional arrangement to guarantee financial security.

Concerned about the excessive volatility of speculative short term capital flows and the contagion effects in financial markets in times of crisis,

Foreign direct investment flows remained highly concentrated in the larger emerging market economies.

As a result, the amount of capital trade on international markets had surged in recent years.

It is no accident that these countries that had not fully liberalized their capital markets have done so well. Subsequent research by the IMF has confirmed what every serious study had shown capital market liberalization brings instability, but not necessarily growth.

13. The process of financial innovation and deregulation and liberalization of financial markets throughout the world had led to more integrated and globalized capital markets.

NEW YORK Capital flows to emerging market economies have been on a boom bust merry go round for decades. In the past year, the world has seen another boom, with a tsunami of capital, portfolio equity, and fixed income investments surging into emerging market countries perceived as having strong macroeconomic, policy, and financial fundamentals.