Limit access to a market or free competition among enterprises

Ensuring that the application of national control measures do not restrict or limit the access of States Parties to the fuel market

Market access restrictions such as foreign ownership limitations or import restrictions discriminatory operating and planning regulations, including zoning, aimed at limiting the market power of the incumbents and price control practices to protect competitors have often been used to ensure retail competition.

on the Prohibition of Unfair and Restrictive Market

The Moral Limits of Markets

Commentary by the Government of Hungary on Act No. LVII of 1996 on the Prohibition of Unfair and Restrictive Market Practices passed on 25 June 1996 (stand September 1997)

However, restrictions imposed by professional associations are being eroded by market forces.

Indiscriminate opening to external markets had made national producers uncompetitive.

The house price to income ratio and the land development multiplier are notoriously dependent on restrictions on land and housing markets, taking high values in places where land use is restricted or markets undeveloped.

The Committee will continue to keep under review the practical constraints on the use of MERs for conversion purposes, particularly for countries that have multiple exchange rates, were experiencing high inflation or were experiencing misalignments caused by market fluctuations.

These include full and unrestricted access for those economies to international markets.

Act No. LVII of 1996 on the prohibition of unfair and restrictive market practices

Under the Treaty Establishing the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the member States agree, in terms similar to article 85 of the Treaty of Rome, to prohibit RBPs which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the Common Market, with a proviso for the granting of exemptions by the COMESA Council.

However, market access barriers and supply side constraints hampered exploitation of export opportunities.

The first are those which are aimed at limiting the number of competitors in a given market.

(b) Ensure that national exchange rates are consistent with market levels, and that exchange and capital control barriers do not encourage black market activities

The most detailed rules relating to RBP control are usually contained in common market or single market arrangements, which often use the EU system as a model, albeit with variations.

In addition to institutional and infrastructural factors, a number of other factors limit entry into international markets.

Tedco Industries' pre merger share of the relevant product markets was. (i) 65 per cent of the bedding market (ii) 36 per cent of the furniture products market (iii) 24 per cent of the case goods market and (iv) 11 per cent of the upholstered lounge suites market

Some of the main bottlenecks for faster growth of micro financing institutions (MFIs) include restrictive regulations and market constraints such as the lack of centralized, aggregate and coherent market data.

Reasons for OFDI now include, apart from seeking markets, to acquire strategic assets like technology, marketing and brand names, and establish trade supporting networks.

Regulations and restrictions imposed by Governments and private professional associations are being eroded by market forces.

Limit lawful access to the market or the lawful exercise of commercial activities by another producer or distributor

Additional regulations are usually put in place before the markets are opened to foreign competition, and may limit the entry of foreign companies or put limitations on their activities.

In that connection, Canada was opposed to export taxes and export restrictions that limited the supply of agricultural products on world markets.

We should be concerned about the efficiency losses in markets where restrictions stemming from economic nationalism have so far been imposed. But we should be far more worried that fear about the collapse or manipulation of markets creates a demand for action that makes such a collapse more rather than less likely.

(c) The problems of small, structurally open economies heavy dependence on imports, a limited number of commodities and highly restricted internal markets

The new Act on Prohibition of Unfair and Restrictive Market Practices would come into force on 1 January 1997.

Price fixing, boycotts, market allocations and refusals to deal are among the practices that such measures should target.

(e) Promote the use of market mechanisms.

Accordingly, and even if commodity markets can offer African producers a more favourable future, policies are still needed to address the same kinds of market failures and structural constraints that have hindered economic diversification in the past.

Physical market conditions (e.g. transportation and communication costs) also limited the possibilities for developing a brand name.

The second are those aimed at restricting each competitor s room for manoeuvre in that market.

Measures must be taken to limit the effects of the market economy, which is increasingly restricting our weak economies.

According to the Commission, that something more is structural reform easing of firing restrictions and other labor markets regulations, liberalization of closed professions, and removal of controls on markets for goods and services.

Given the limited size of the local market and the lack of possibilities for tapping regional or global markets, film production in many developing countries is not a profitable activity.

Recently, the Government of Lebanon announced that restrictions on access to the Lebanese labour market for Palestine refugees would be eased.

The size of these enterprises is an additional constraint on their ability to self finance their development, including their limited capabilities for tapping international financial markets.

Article 10 forbids any economic agent to sell a good at a price lower than its actual cost price when this practice has had, has or may have the result of restricting competition in a given market.

First, the country's limited domestic market is a very significant push factor in propelling Singapore enterprises to expand their markets abroad.

These categories are subject to a labour market needs test and, in the case of hospital auxiliary occupations, to quotas.

You knew I was trying to control the rice market

What about market discipline? Is the German government s willingness to issue more debt and run bigger deficits limited because the market recognizes and penalizes nation states that allow their fiscal positions to weaken?

Asymmetries in currency markets are a particularly important aspect of economic power, since they underlie global trade and financial markets. By limiting the convertibility of its currency, China is avoiding currency markets ability to discipline domestic economic decisions.

The Commission's investigation pointed to the fact that Chilanga Cement wanted to divide the regional market (market allocation and territorial restrictions), whereby Zambian exports would be targeted to the DRC, while the Burundi and Rwandese markets were to be supplied from its Tanzanian plant.