Alvin, our software engineer and cofounder, has built these tools.

Alvin and Sea Cliff and Cyana, and all the major deep submersibles we have, which are about eight.

We use the submarine Alvin and we use cameras, and the cameras are something that Bill Lange has developed with the help of Sony.

The red dot is the laser light of the submarine Alvin to give us an idea about how far away we are from the vents.

And in the novel, a particular one named Alvin is created. And he says, maybe this isn't the best way, and wrecks the whole system.

In the 1930 s, the economist Alvin Hansen argued that opportunities for new investment in already rich countries were drying up. Investment growth had depended on population growth, technological innovation, and westward expansion.

In today s crisis, muddling through would be a recipe for a continuation of the crisis and secular stagnation of the type once described by Alvin Hansen, a contemporary of Keynes. Hansen predicted that capitalism would suffer from a permanent underinvestment crisis.

Japan provides good lessons about where the true risks are, as it has been suffering from deflation or near deflation for 14 years. Since 1991, Japan has been mired in what Harvard economist Alvin Hansen, a contemporary of Keynes, once described as secular stagnation.

Those who know their history will recognize that Summers is reviving an argument advanced by the American economist Alvin Hansen in 1938. Owing to a slowdown in population growth, and thus lower demand for capital, the world, Hansen claimed, faced a problem of secular, or structural, unemployment in the decades before us.