Photograph of Jean Claude Trichet (c) European Central Bank Andreas Böttcher

According to Claude Segui, human beings are sold in the same way that any other goods might be sold .

PALO ALTO Once upon a time, European Central Bank President Jean Claude Trichet communicated effectively with the outside world. Not anymore.

Their strategy worked. Luxembourg s finance minister, Jean Claude Juncker, diplomatically declared after the December meeting that, The result could have been worse.

Claude Lanzmann, an author of Holocaust documentary Shoah, vented his frustration at the Kempinski Bristol Hotel in Berlin, writing an open letter in the German outlet FAZ.

1 I should like to thank the NGO representatives at the meeting for sharing their ideas and, in particular, Adrien Claude Zoller, Penny Parker and Basak Cali.

One sceptic is Karolinska Institute endocrinologist Claude Marcus, whose work includes assessing the biological maturity of people to see if they went through puberty earlier or later than usual.

ECNS, October 1 In 2018, a French man named Jean Claude Arnault broke up the pace of the Nobel Prize for being accused of assaulting more than ten women.

But there is reason for hope. The new Commission, which its president, Jean Claude Juncker, has restructured significantly, could provide Europe with the strategic leadership it so badly needs.

That would be a good thing. With Sarkozy off his back, ECB President Jean Claude Trichet might feel freer to cut interest rates to counter the impending economic slowdown in Europe.

France Didier Jayle, Patrick Villemur, Jean Pierre Vidon, Michèle Ramis Plum, François Poinsot, Claude Girard, Thierry Picart, Nathalie Richard, Stéphane Lucas, François Pellerin, Gisèle Clément, Olivia Diego, Pascale Laurent, Christophe Foulouier

(c) Pre Trial Division Hans Peter Kaul (Germany), President of the Division Akua Kuenyehia (Ghana) Claude Jorda (France) Tuiloma Neroni Slade (Samoa) Mauro Politi (Italy) Fatoumata Dembele Diarra (Mali) and Sylvia Steiner (Brazil).

DUBLIN One of the top priorities established by European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker ahead of his election last summer was the creation of a European energy union. He was right to do so.

So far, the social partners, as ECB president Jean Claude Trichet likes to call the unions, have been quiet. Should this change, the ECB will have to raise rates even if Europe s economic growth remains slack.

Approval of fundamental changes in the currency union must be agreed by all members, and so will not be forthcoming. Nor will ECB President Jean Claude Trichet be intimidated by French pressure to pursue a softer monetary policy.

With European interest rates up 200 basis points since late 2005 and the euro near a record high, Sarkozy wants the ECB to stop raising rates now. ECB president Jean Claude Trichet and the Governing Council strongly disagree.

The announcement by the President of the European Central Bank, Jean Claude Trichet, that interest rates would be raised at the next meeting of the bank s Governing Council on December 1st,could be a defining moment in his presidency.

PARIS The European Commission s new president, Jean Claude Juncker, has put public investment back on the agenda with his idea of a three year 300 billion ( 378 billion) capital spending plan. The European Union s leaders are expected to discuss his proposal in December.

During the financial crisis, the ECB has had an outstanding president in the person of Jean Claude Trichet. But his non renewable term will end in October 2011, and European leaders are not waiting until the last moment to appoint his successor.

The capital markets union actually began as a slogan, coined by one of EU Commission President Jean Claude Juncker's acolytes. Now, the new financial markets commissioner, the United Kingdom's Lord Jonathan Hill, has been assigned the unenviable task of putting flesh on bare bones.

The tone of ECB President Jean Claude Trichet s comments in the Q A section of the press conference following the October meeting was unusually hawkish. Trichet appeared to be calling for a pre emptive approach when he said, We must not allow second round effects to materialize.

Jean Claude Trichet, the current ECB president, may be in the same job but not the same environment as his predecessor Wim Duisenberg, who famously remarked, I hear the politicians, but I don t listen. Political pressure on the ECB today is much greater than in Duisenberg s time.

A Yes vote, on the other hand, would encourage a reassured Chirac to continue his policy of no reform and scapegoating the ECB. External political pressure on the ECB and its president, Jean Claude Trichet, to lower interest rates and talk the euro down surely would increase.

MADRID Before his appointment as EU Commission President, Jean Claude Juncker was pilloried as an old school federalist who would do little to alter the status quo. But the new structure that he has imposed on the Commission implies a radical overhaul of how things are done in Brussels.

The Commission s plan, the signature initiative of President Jean Claude Juncker at the start of his term, comes as no surprise. With the eurozone stuck in a seemingly never ending recession, the idea that growth enhancing investment is crucial for a sustainable recovery has become deeply entrenched in public discourse.

Premature inflationary pressures are a prime reason that both ECB presidents, the late Wim Duisenberg and now Jean Claude Trichet, have consistently pressed for structural reform in their press conferences and speeches. It is the ECB, after all, that must fight the inflation caused by Europe s lack of structural reform.

In those cases, even a government with the proper economic fundamentals and its financial house in order could still run into trouble. European Central Bank President Jean Claude Trichet is well aware of this in the early 1990 s, he confronted such a crisis as Governor of the Bank of France.

Moreover, the Fed s efforts were ultimately stabilizing, because it stated its intentions clearly prior to taking action. By contrast, in late August, the ECB s governor, Jean Claude Trichet, referred to the monetary policy decision taken before the crisis to justify the possibility of a rate hike, then left rates on hold.

In fact, despite the seemingly unending stream of new energy initiatives and projects, Europe has made little progress its energy situation may even be worse. Repackaging the same old strategies here one need look no further than European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker s much hyped 300 billion investment package simply will not work.

Only a fortnight before Schäuble s proposal, Europe s leaders had barely paid attention to a report on the euro s future prepared by European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker and his colleagues from the other European Union institutions. But the new dispute over Greece has convinced many policymakers of the necessity to return to the drawing board.

PRINCETON The approach of the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of World War I in 1914 has jolted politicians and commentators worried by the fragility of current global political and economic arrangements. Indeed, Luxembourg s prime minister, Jean Claude Juncker, recently argued that Europe s growing north south polarization has set the continent back by a century.

Some European leaders including French President François Hollande and European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker seem unbothered by this reality. They argue that Europe should be accelerating progress toward fiscal union even further, by introducing a common insurance scheme for deposits, a single budget, Eurobonds, more financial risk sharing, and a unified unemployment benefits system as quickly as possible.

Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi, who currently holds the EU s rotating presidency, has pushed for it, and Jean Claude Juncker, the president elect of the European Commission, has called it his first priority. His goal for the next three years is to mobilize an additional 100 billion ( 134 billion) per year (0.75 of GDP) for public and private investment.

The dilemma is neatly summed up by the two clear candidates for the top job as Mr. Europe. On the one hand, there s the safe pair of hands personified by Jean Claude Juncker, the veteran prime minister of tiny Luxembourg, who knows the ins and outs of the EU s political machinery and chairs the euro zone s ministerial set up.

Unfortunately, when the outgoing president of the European Central Bank, Jean Claude Trichet, proposed a step in this direction by suggesting that a European Secretary of the Treasury be created, heads of state and government dismissed the idea out of hand. Hardly anyone on the European Council seems willing even to acknowledge the depth of the EU crisis.

Wim Duisenberg died last year, but his values, philosophy, and wisdom must not be allowed to die with him. The New Year provides a perfect opportunity for Jean Claude Trichet to resolve that, despite the more trying circumstances in which he must operate, his own policies and procedures will more faithfully reflect Duisenberg and his legacy.

Europe s finance ministers portray the ECB as closed to dialogue. When testifying before the EU Parliament s Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee, Luxembourg prime minister and Euro group chairman Jean Claude Juncker said there should be open and frank talks between the euro group ministers and the ECB and French finance minister Dominique de Villepin said the same thing.

PARIS In an exasperated outburst, just before he left the presidency of the European Central Bank, Jean Claude Trichet complained that, as a policymaker during the crisis, I found the available economic and financial models of limited help. In fact, I would go further in the face of the crisis, we felt abandoned by conventional tools.

Indeed, few informed observers doubt that Sarkozy s chief foreign policy adviser, Jean David Levitte, has far more influence than France s foreign minister, Bernard Kouchner. Likewise, on matters of domestic policy, the interior minister, Michele Alliot Marie, has nothing close to the agenda setting power of Claude Guéant, Sarkozy s longtime aide and director general of the President s office.

If Europe is to adapt to the migrant challenge, and design realistic and productive solutions that heed European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker s call for collective courage, it must target the root causes and enablers of the current migration wave. Specifically, the EU must support governance reform, economic development, and the establishment of basic human security in the countries that migrants are fleeing.

Indeed, though European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker has established a vice presidential post responsible for energy union now held by Maroš Šefčovič no one seems to know what exactly the position will entail. So far, Šefčovič has merely presented five vague pillars for the energy union, leading many to consider the current policy approach to an energy union hollow.

Fourth, fiscal policy remains contractionary, because Germany continues to reject a growing chorus of advice that it should undertake a short term stimulus. Thus, higher German spending will not offset the impact of additional austerity in the periphery or the significant shortfall expected for the three year, 300 billion ( 325 billion) investment plan unveiled by European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker.

Imagine a development bank levering up collateral that comprises post privatization equity retained by the state and other assets (for example, real estate) that could easily be made more valuable (and collateralized) by reforming their property rights. Imagine that it links the European Investment Bank and the European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker s 315 billion ( 350 billion) investment plan with Greece s private sector.

For starters, European Commission President Jean Claude Juncker, European Council President Donald Tusk, and the European Parliament should work to ensure that the public debate about refugees and migrants is anchored in fact. As it stands, misconceptions are rampant, with residents of many EU countries believing, for example, that they host three times as many foreigners as they actually do.

For EU politicians, however, the long term will be reached only after a series of short term electoral challenges, so pro reform governments may well not survive to reap the benefits. As Luxembourg s Prime Minister Jean Claude Juncker remarked, all EU governments know what must be done what they don t know is how to get re elected once they have done it.