It's not violence and war, it's not race, it's not gender, it's not Marxism, it's not Nazism.

The report delivered by General Secretary Xi Jinping is a programmatic document radiating the brilliance of Marxism, which puts forth a series of important thoughts, ideas, judgements and measures.

We regard China as the world's future development direction. In particular, Marxism Leninism is not a dogma. It is a philosophy, and must be adapted to the development of the country itself.

His aim was to protect the West from Islamization. His enemies are not just Muslims, but the liberal Western elites, and their children, who were destroying Europe from within through multiculturalism and cultural Marxism.

Soon after the bloody crackdown on Tiananmen, a new orthodoxy replaced Chinese Marxism Chinese nationalism. Only one party rule would guarantee the continuing rise of China and put an end to centuries of national humiliation.

It was only when Deng Xiaoping opened the door to trade with capitalist countries that anti Japanese sentiments were deliberately stirred up. Neither Marxism nor Maoism could be used to justify China s joining the capitalist world.

We can see this process in sharp relief when, following the philosopher Sir Isaiah Berlin, we classify experts as hedgehogs or foxes. Hedgehogs are big idea thinkers in love with grand theories libertarianism, Marxism, environmentalism, etc.

The French Socialist Party never had its aggiornamento or Bad Godesberg (where the German SPD in 1959 renounced its last vestiges of Marxism). Instead, the party long defended the theory of a revolutionary rupture with capitalism, never clearly acknowledging its reformist nature.

After 1949, the Communist Party cultivated a stable of theoretical experts and other ideological servants to write lengthy articles propagating Marxism and Mao Zedong Thought. But nowadays, such writers are hard to find, and their work is received by readers with mockery and sarcasm.

Mainstream thinking, known as the Chinese School, insists, with the government, on Marxism with Chinese characteristics as the bedrock principle of China s foreign policy. But a minority school argues that China should rely instead on the country s traditional political thought, emphasizing the universal value of traditional Chinese philosophy.

But as health expenses start taking up a third of national income, healthcare socialism starts becoming just plain Marxism to each according to his needs. Even China s authoritarian capitalism will someday feel the pressure, as its rural populations, who currently have little access to doctors or hospitals, eventually explode with discontent.

In the former mother country of Marxism Leninism, the leaders still don t seem to understand dialectics. After all, if Russia s government really wanted to achieve a change in the post Soviet status quo, it should, first and foremost, pursue a policy vis à vis its neighbors that reduces rather than increases fears.

As the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben recently emphasized, it appeared at the beginning of the postwar era. In August 1945, a French intellectual, Alexandre Kojève, submitted to General Charles de Gaulle a sketch for a new foreign policy, based on a Latin third way between Anglo American capitalism and Soviet Slavic Marxism.

But the same could have been said of the early utterances of Deng, modern China s greatest reformer. As Ezra Vogel notes in Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, Deng s first public statement after his political rehabilitation in 1976 was, Marxism Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought constitute the guiding ideology of the party.

The new interpretation that came with the radicalized German youth movement of 1968 argued that the Hitler era was not a sharp break with German history, but rather continuous with it. The only direction for German culture that did not lead to the spiritual abyss of Nazism according to this radical new interpretation was Marxism.

In the book, I go over controversies such as this one, and a number of other hot buttons, hot zones, Chernobyls, third rails, and so on including the arts, cloning, crime, free will, education, evolution, gender differences, God, homosexuality, infanticide, inequality, Marxism, morality, Nazism, parenting, politics, race, rape, religion, resource depletion, social engineering, technological risk and war.

Student leaders, or so most people remember, were constantly producing convoluted manifestos that combined Marxism, psychoanalysis, and theories about Third World liberation struggles. What is easily forgotten is that even the most theory eager leaders of the time understood that ultimately, the protest movements that helped to define 1968 didn t come out of seminar room discussions.

Gorbachev s reforms not only liberated ordinary Russians from the straitjacket of Marxism Leninism, but also released the national aspirations of people who had been locked in the empire for centuries. Having seen the peoples of Central Europe free themselves from Soviet domination just two years before, the constituent nations of the USSR were beginning to seek the same freedom for themselves.

Moreover, China dispatched a warship and four military aircraft to the Mediterranean to help evacuate 35,860 Chinese nationals and 2,100 others from Libya. That measure, the first projection of Chinese naval power so far from home, is consistent with Confucianism, which regards morality as the top priority of policymaking, rather than Marxism, according to which economic interests alone drive foreign policy.

Ten years later, Vietnam s Communist rulers also concluded that Marxism Leninism was an economic dead end, and decided to start down the same path of market reform that Deng had taken. As in China, it took time for the benefits to appear, but over the past few years Vietnam has seen the same rapid, poverty reducing growth that China has experienced.

Anything else suggests that political Islam is the Marxism of our time, preparing a long term strategy ultimately aimed at replacing the system rather than reforming it. The liberal democratic alternative is to participate in the push and pull over the role of religion in public life within limits set by a super majoritarian constitution, as more religiously oriented parties do in the US, Europe, and Israel.

Li, an avid reader of world history and literature, has apparently not taken to heart the lesson that so many Chinese have learned, through great personal tragedies, since 1949. The core values of China s government are not informed by the humane civility of Tang or Song poets, but by the twisted dialectics of Marxism Leninism and the amoral militaristic tradition of a party that still cherishes its often brutish and violent habits of governance.