Suez. We're pushing through to Suez. Suez.

Suez

Suez Canal Base incident, 1956

Oh, yes. Protecting the Suez Canal.

The ship sailed through the Suez Canal.

Suez the key to the Middle East.

And if you don't take the Suez,

Ibid., citing also Lauterpach, ed., The Suez Canal Settlement A Selection of Documents (1960) Mostofi, The Suez Dispute, 10 Western Political Quarterly 23 (1957).

Lapidoth, The Reopened Suez Canal in International Law, 4 Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce 1 (1976) (discussing the effect of armed conflict on the Constantinople Convention regulating the Suez Canal).

Khadduri, The Closure of the Suez Canal to Israeli Shipping, 33 Journal of Law and Contemporary Problems 147 (1968) (discussing the effect of armed conflict on the Constantinople Convention regulating the Suez Canal).

The rest is that by holding Tobruk we prevent you from taking the Suez.

Gross, Passage Through the Suez Canal of Israel Bound Cargo and Israel Ships, 51 American Journal of International Law 530 (1957) (discussing the effect of armed conflict on the Constantinople Convention regulating the Suez Canal).

The effect of armed conflict on agreements establishing inter oceanic canals such as the Suez, Panama and Kiel Canals, has varied.

The declaration was addressed not only to the States members of the Suez Canal Users' Association but to the entire international community.

Layton, supra note 39, at 117 (citing Suez Canal Base Agreement of 1954, 210 United Nations Treaty Series 3 (No. 2833, 1955).

In 1954, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Egypt concluded the Suez Canal Base Agreement, which provided that in the event of attack on any member of the Arab League by an outside power, excluding Israel, Egypt would allow the return of British forces to the Suez Canal Base.

A proposal, supported by 18 States, to create an international board for the Suez Canal, was rejected by President Nasser in September 1956.

The declaration was formulated following the nationalization of the Universal Company of the Suez Maritime Canal promulgated by President Nasser on 26 July 1956.

Second, the international community reacted unfavourably to Egypt's closure of the Suez Canal to Israeli shipping beginning in 1948, as closing the Canal was not necessary for Egypt's defence.

The States members of the Suez Canal Users' Association continued to use the Canal in accordance with the 1888 Convention, sidestepping the question of the validity of the Egyptian declaration.

In September a second conference was held at which a declaration was adopted calling for the creation of the Suez Canal Users' Association, which was formally established on 1 October 1956.

Dietrich Schindler reports to the Institut de droit international that w ith regard to the Suez Incident of 1956 between Britain, France and Egypt, it has been reported that as a result of that incident a law was passed in Egypt (Law No. 1 of 1957) stating that the British aggression had put an end to the Anglo Egyptian Agreement of 1954 regarding the Suez Canal Base (210 United Nations Treaty Series 3) .

Positioned on the eastern bank of the Suez Canal, Israel s army was just over 100 kilometers from Cairo. And, with Israeli jet fighters still controlling the airspace, Egypt s capital and its major population centers were greatly exposed.

That is the possibility that is shaking governments from Washington to Beijing. It is not just the reliability of the Suez Canal and oil exports that are now in doubt decades of fixed strategic certainties must now be reexamined.

(f) In response to a generous offer by the delegation of Egypt, States members of the Subcommission should establish formal contacts with the competent Egyptian authorities to obtain regular information on movements of precursor chemicals through the Suez Canal.

Examples include the Tanzanian Association of Non Governmental Organizations (TANGO), the Polish Ecological Club, the Association of Chemical Industries in Talcahuano, Chile, the Research Centre of the Suez Canal Authority in Egypt and the Urban Development Bank in Nigeria.

It was invented by the second Secretary General, Dag Hammarskjold, and Canadian Foreign Minister Lester Pearson after Britain and France invaded Egypt in the Suez crisis of 1956. Since then, UN peacekeeping forces have been deployed more than 60 times.

On the other hand, Britain restricted the passage of enemy ships through the Suez Canal throughout the First and Second World Wars, and the United States of America partially or fully restricted the use of the Panama Canal during the two World Wars.

So it will complain, threaten, and deplore the horrors to come, but ultimately will follow its interests, not its principles. For example, Egypt, with its control of the Suez Canal and its cold peace with Israel, is too important strategically to be simply abandoned.

The declaration of 24 April 1957 sets forth a number of actions that the Egyptian Government promised to perform in relation to the operations and management of the Suez Canal Authority established by the Government on 26 July 1956, including some matters relating to financing.

Understanding Clausewitz s dictum that war is a continuation of politics by other means, Sadat had sent the Egyptian Army across the Suez Canal in order to unleash a peace process. He was defeated militarily, but his decision to go to Jerusalem meant that he would succeed politically.

The Government of Egypt makes this Declaration, which re affirms the Convention of 1988, as an expression of their desire and determination to enable the Suez Canal to be an efficient and adequate waterway linking the nations of the world and serving the cause of peace and prosperity.

But Egypt has not taken advantage of the offer. Last August, the Israelis permitted an additional seven battalions and 20 tanks in Zone C. But the Egyptian armed forces never brought in the full number of additional troops, and did not even bother to transport the tanks across the Suez Canal.

The Egyptian Government pays close attention to the issue of unemployment in its efforts to achieve comprehensive social and economic development. It seeks adequate solutions to reducing unemployment, including the establishment of far reaching programmes to provide employment opportunities, such as the Tushki project, the East Tofri'a project and the North West Suez Bay project.

On October 16, 1973, ten days after Egypt s army surprised the Israelis by crossing the Suez Canal, Sharon turned defeat into victory by leading his own troops across the canal through a narrow gap in the Egyptian front. The Israelis swiftly spread out behind the Egyptians, overrunning anti aircraft batteries and blocking supply and reinforcement routes.

While it is true that many Arab states worry night and day about a nuclear Iran, they are singularly unlikely to support military intervention by Israel. After all, this is the Middle East, where, as the old joke goes, the scorpion stings the camel carrying it across the Suez Canal, knowing that they will both drown.

Yemen is strategically important, not only for Saudi Arabia, but for the world, because it is the only country on the Arabian Peninsula from which oil can reach the open seas without passing through a narrow strait either the Strait of Hormuz or the Suez Canal. To endanger this passage is to endanger the world economy s energy lifeline.

In order to end its fatal flirtation with jihadism and bolster stability, Gaza must pursue an economic and political deal with Israel that represses the temptation of war. Just as the rehabilitation of the Egyptian towns along the Suez Canal in the wake of the 1973 Yom Kippur war paved the way for an Israeli Egyptian peace, a prosperous Gaza would serve the interests of all parties involved beginning with Israel.

The Chinese Investment Corporation s biggest investment last year was a 30 ( 3.2 billion) stake in the gas and oil exploration and production sector of the French energy giant GDF Suez. CIC chose to take a significant share in one branch, rather than a small share in the whole group, because doing so offered both a strategic advantage (access to energy resources) and a monetary benefit (investment in dollar denominated assets).

As for the UK s serial dependence on the IMF from the mid 1950 s to the mid 1970 s, there were actually only two episodes the 1956 bailout during the Suez crisis and the 1976 bailout that preceded the winter of discontent when strikes in many essential industries even the dead went unburied practically brought the country to its knees. (It hardly needs stating that borrowing money from the IMF is not a default.)

So, while Hezbollah has not decisively won its current war with Israel, by maintaining its ability to fight in the face of the might of the Israeli army, it has captured the imagination of Arabs, restoring lost pride in the same way as the Egyptian Army s crossing of the Suez Canal in the war of 1973 did. Restored pride was central to Anwar Sadat s eventual decision to go to Jerusalem and regain the entire Sinai Peninsula for Egypt.

Despite a long history of alliance dating back to the American Revolution and including two world wars, France has always had a somewhat ambivalent attitude toward the US, and the Iraq War was not the first time that a controversial security policy undercut America s attractiveness in France. Polls show similar reactions after the Suez Crisis of 1956, the Vietnam War in the late 1960 s and early 1970 s, and the deployment of intermediate range missiles in Europe in the early 1980 s.

For Rubin, i n so far as it could be interpreted to be an offer to enter into a treaty, this declaration was specifically rejected by the Suez Canal Users' Association, the body which appears to come as close as any to an offeree in the traditional contract sense . The author goes on to say, It is possible to construe the Egyptian declaration as a true unilateral declaration confronting the international community with the need to determine its legal efficacy in practice .