Now that's a left ventricle pushing blood up through the aortic valve you can see two of the leaflets of the aortic valve working there up into the ascending aorta.

It has a funny trilobal shape at the bottom, which contains the aortic valve.

This is actually a heart valve, which we engineered.

And the way you engineer this heart valve is the same strategy.

This is actually a heart valve that we've engineered, and you can see here, we have the structure of the heart valve and we've seeded that with cells, and then we exercise it.

And the fact that pig heart valves have lots of these on them is the reason that you can't transplant a pig heart valve into a person easily.

So I set out to change the entire treatment for aortic dilation.

Civil Horizontal Valve

(releases air valve)

So, the most beautiful thing I found at least what I think is the most beautiful in the book, is this heart valve.

So this is actually a Dutch company, so I called them up, and I asked, Can I borrow a heart valve from you?

Great and then I didn't hear from them for weeks, so I called, and I asked, What's going on with the heart valve?

Cylinder head valve grinder

Cylinder head valve grinder

The low tech bit is that it's literally a pig's heart valve mounted in the high tech bit, which is a memory metal casing.

So you see the leaflets opening and closing of this heart valve that's currently being used experimentally to try to get it to further studies.

And they said, Well the director of the company decided not to let you borrow this heart valve, because want his product to be associated with pigs.

Vehicle jack Cylinder head valve grinder

This is called a cycle valve tube.

6.6.2.6.4 For a lined shell, the internal stop valve required by 6.6.2.6.3.1 may be replaced by an additional external stop valve.

And once it's in the right spot, they remove the outer shell, and the heart valve, well, it gets this shape and at that moment it starts beating, instantly.

And this is how you make a valve.

(v) the valve shall continue to be effective in the event of damage to the external device for controlling the operation of the valve

And still, there are people in the U.K. saying, Yeah, that external aortic root, yeah, it'll never work, you know.

(a) a self closing internal stop valve, that is a stop valve within the shell or within a welded flange or its companion flange, such that

Does the color of the valve matter? What matters here?

(ii) the valve may be operable from above or below

Connections and accessories leading to or from such a valve shall have a capacity for a flow more than the rated flow of the excess flow valve.

What if a cylinder cracks, a valve stuck, a bearing burned out?

6.6.3.5.3 For filling and discharge openings the first shut off device shall be an internal stop valve and the second shall be a stop valve placed in an accessible position on each discharge and filling pipe.

The surgery on offer was pretty gruesome anesthetize you, open your chest, put you on an artificial heart and lung machine, drop your body temperature to about 18 centigrade, stop your heart, cut the aorta out, replace it with a plastic valve and a plastic aorta, and, most importantly, commit you to a lifetime of anticoagulation therapy, normally warfarin.

(a) an external stop valve fitted as close to the shell as reasonably practicable and

(b) an external stop valve fitted as close to the shell as reasonably practicable and

(b) Each valve shall be of the packless type with non perforated diaphragm, except that, for corrosive materials, a valve may be of the packed type with an assembly made gas tight by means of a seal cap with gasket joint attached to the valve body or the pressure receptacle to prevent loss of material through or past the packing

(iv) except for portable tanks having a capacity of not more than 1,000 litres, it shall be possible to close the valve from an accessible position of the portable tank that is remote from the valve itself and

This condition had apparently promoted more intensive oxygen evaporation, which subsequently saturated the standard safety valve.

A study of history confirms the validity of the Big Hunt theory... it is mankind's safety valve.

This valve will be activated after orbital injection by a special command from the on board control system.

Heart to heart

(c) Each valve outlet shall be sealed by a threaded cap or threaded solid plug and inert gasket material

The ring shall be configured so that it can only be removed by disconnecting the valve from the cylinder. .

Pressure relief requirements are as indicated in 6.6.2.8.3 to prevent crystallization of the product in the pressure relief valve.

6.6.3.5.2 All openings with a diameter of more than 1.5 mm in shells of portable tanks, except openings for pressure relief devices, inspection openings and closed bleed holes, shall be fitted with at least three mutually independent shut off devices in series, the first being an internal stop valve, excess flow valve or equivalent device, the second being an external stop valve and the third being a blank flange or equivalent device.

If you compare our new treatment to the existing alternative, the so called composite aortic root graft, there are one of two startling comparisons, which I'm sure will be clear to all of you.

Even trips to the dentist require that you take antibiotics, in case you get an internal infection on the valve.