That's your articular cartilage, and those are your synovial membranes.

And then for the damaged arthritis on the surface, we did a stem cell paste graft, which we designed in 1991, to regrow that articular cartilage surface and give it back a smooth surface there.

Play tennis too hard, on your knees, ruin your cartilage, the cartilage never comes back.

It's now being seeded with cartilage.

And his second stroke divided the ensiform cartilage.

So what we're going to do is take an articular cartilage from a young, healthy pig, strip it of its antigens, load it with your stem cells, then put it back on to that arthritic surface in your knee, tack it on there, have you heal that surface and then create a new biologic surface for your knee.

So I tore my knee joint meniscus cartilage playing soccer in college.

And then a few weeks later we can take out the cartilage scaffold.

Last year, this group was able to take all the cells off a heart, leaving just the cartilage.

These are being layered, one layer at a time, first the bone, we fill in the gaps with cartilage.

We would then take that regeneration template and insert it into the missing meniscus cartilage to regrow that in a patient's knee.

So, a Spanish woman who was dying of T.B. had a donor trachea, they took all the cells off the trachea, they spraypainted her stem cells onto that cartilage.

In the space of about two seconds, Albert had the knife between the cartilage of the tail, right next to the butt of the lamb, and very quickly the tail was gone and in the bucket that I was holding.