In the absence of an acceptable attribution rule, attribution of a signature should be a matter of proof.

Attribution of conduct to a State

Attribution of conduct to an international organization

Attribution of conduct to an international organization

Attribution, however, is a matter of degree. Despite the dangers of false flags and the difficulty of obtaining prompt, high quality attribution that would stand up in a court of law, there is often enough attribution to enable deterrence.

Attribution of the nationality of the successor State

Attribution of the nationality of the successor States

Portfolio risk analysis and performance attribution system ( 875,000)

The latter articles deal with attribution of conduct to international organizations.

According to article 3, paragraph 2, attribution of conduct is one of

The draft Convention does not deal with the attribution of electronic communications.

Renunciation of the nationality of another State as a condition for attribution of nationality

The attribution of custody does not depend on the marital status of the parents.

Attribution of the nationality of the successor State and withdrawal of the nationality of the predecessor State

This is forbidden by the religion of Islam, and any attribution of it to Islam is unjust.

Not only are governments improving their capabilities, but many private sector companies are entering the game, and their participation reduces the costs to governments of having to disclose sensitive sources. Many situations are matters of degree, and as technology improves the forensics of attribution, the strength of deterrence may increase.

(1) Articles 4 to 7 of the present draft address the question of attribution of conduct to an international organization.

These ways do not involve questions of attribution but rather raise issues relating to the content of the obligation breached.

At least two of the comments received were in favour of deleting the provision altogether on the ground that, unlike the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce, the draft convention did not contain a provision on attribution of data messages and the notion of reliability was logically linked to attribution.

UNFPA reported to the Executive Board that there is a problem with attribution in terms of the present set of indicators.

As proof of identity was related to the issue of attribution, the Commission had decided that it should not be addressed.

The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce needed a reliability test because of the general attribution rule contained in article 13.

UNFPA also suggested that new partnerships and funding arrangements such as sector wide approaches (SWAps) raised issues of attribution and accountability.

The attribution of nationality in relation to the succession of States, as well as the acquisition of nationality following the exercise of an option, shall take effect on the date of such succession, if persons concerned would otherwise be stateless during the period between the date of the succession of States and such attribution or acquisition of nationality.

The definition of rules of the organization was given in draft article 4 for the purpose of the general rule on attribution of conduct.

Therefore, the current paragraph 3 (b) of article 9 of the draft convention imposes a general reliability requirement without any corollary attribution provision.

There is no necessity for a reliability requirement to be introduced as a complement to a non existent attribution rule.

For the view that, when implementation of a treaty concluded by an organization rests with its member States, attribution of responsibility to the organization is not necessarily based on attribution of the conduct of State organs to the organization, see, also for references, C. Pitschas, Die völkerrechtliche Verantwortlichkeit der Europäischen Gemeinschaften und ihrer Mitgliedstaaten (Berlin Duncker Humblot, 2001), p. 255.

But to answer that question, to make a clear attribution to carbon dioxide, you have to know something about all of these other agents of change.

The draft convention, on the other hand, did not deal with attribution of electronic communications, so that there was no need for a reliability test.

The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce originally needed a reliability test because it contained a general attribution rule in article 13.

The rules governing the attribution of nationality of the Niger on the basis of jus soli are laid down in articles 8 and 10 of Order No. 99 17.

This amount was inclusive of extrabudgetary costs amounting to 642,400 to be funded by a number of member organizations and comprised 35,671,100 for administrative costs, 43,014,100 for investment costs and 1,443,200 for audit costs.

The matrices also contain a set of more specific targets, which will provide a basis for assessing progress during 2006 2009, with a significant level of organizational attribution.

Table 2 indicates the contributions received for the attribution of grants at the twenty fourth session of the Board, as well as outstanding pledges made by Member States.

Methodologies used to calculate costs Staff costs Salary and common staff costs The standard costs (in United States dollars) applied in determining staff costs in the proposed budget are based on actual salary costs for the first three months of 2005, and adjusted for step increments in 2006 2007.

In that context, the question of whether the authentication or security procedure, e.g. a signature, is appropriate relates to the concept of attribution of that signature to the person.

(c) Enhancement of the Investment Management Service through the addition of five new posts, indexed management costs, including the costs of transition management services, and consultant costs

The additional costs of meeting the new requirements include initial export losses costs of national capacity building and costs of initial and continued compliance at enterprise level.

If the ball costs 10, the bat costs...

Restart costs None of the claims in this instalment seek compensation for restart costs.

They include provision for civilian personnel costs of 2,687,800, and 2,329,600 for operational costs.

Iran seeks compensation for expenses incurred in treating these additional cases indirect costs such as transportation costs costs incurred by caregivers opportunity costs and costs of future medical care. Iran also seeks monetary compensation for the reduced well being of its citizens who suffered from respiratory diseases.

regress of costs of children's stay in a pre school institution, the costs of rest, and recreation.

The Costs of Grexit