The low level of qualifications among women, which has led to a high female unemployment rate, following civil service staffing cutbacks.

During 2002 2003, forms of state support were affected by a series of budget cutbacks leading to a downturn in the nation's economy.

The rate of warming would further accelerate and the emission cutbacks required would need to be increased if dangerous anthropogenic interference is to be avoided.

And the continent has been left out in the cold once before. In January 2009, Gazprom ordered cutbacks of deliveries through Ukraine, causing severe shortages in six countries in eastern and southeastern Europe.

Lost wages will reduce consumption, causing additional job cuts, while factory closures will reduce investment, hitting employment in capital goods industries. Lost incomes will also drive down tax revenues, resulting in public sector employment cutbacks.

NEW YORK Too many politicians and economists blame austerity urged by Greece s creditors for the collapse of the Greek economy. But the data show neither marked austerity by historical standards nor government cutbacks severe enough to explain the huge job losses.

The resulting recession might fuel further pessimism and cutbacks in spending, deepening the downturn. A US in recession would no longer serve as the world s importer of last resort, which might send the rest of the world into recession as well.

Global warming is a quintessential public goods problem. To make the structural transitions that the world needs, we need governments to take a more active role at a time when demands for cutbacks are increasing in Europe and the US.

This is, by far, one of the most significant I have ever seen. We all knew it was tough for the American consumer but this revision portrays the crisis induced cutbacks and subsequent anemic recovery in a much dimmer light.

As in many other countries, conservative governments are arguing for cutbacks in government spending, on the grounds that fiscal deficits imperil their future. In the case of Australia, however, such assertions ring particularly hollow though that has not stopped Abbott s government from trafficking in them.

GENEVA As recession spreads around the world, the global production networks that arose with the globalization of the world economy have become sources of cutbacks and job losses. Postponing purchases of new winter coats in the United States means job losses in Poland or China.

To be sure, IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss Kahn recently called for a global fiscal response to the worsening recession. But will the Fund now abandon its long held emphasis on government cutbacks, monetary contraction, and overall austerity, policies that in the opinion of many development economists do considerably more harm than good?

The Great Recession has exacerbated inequality, with cutbacks in basic social expenditures and with high unemployment putting downward pressure on wages. Moreover, the United Nations Commission of Experts on Reforms of the International Monetary and Financial System, investigating the causes of the Great Recession, and the International Monetary Fund have both warned that inequality leads to economic instability.

And Romney s drastic budget cutbacks, targeted at the poor and middle class, would further impede social mobility. At the same time, he would expand the military, spending more money on weapons that do not work against enemies that do not exist, enriching defense contractors like Halliburton at the expense of desperately needed public investment in infrastructure and education.

Americans should hope for all of this, though I am not sanguine that they will get much of it. amp More likely, America will muddle through here another little program for struggling students and homeowners, there the end of the Bush tax cuts for millionaires, but no wholesale tax reform, serious cutbacks in defense spending, or significant progress on global warming.

Americans should hope for all of this, though I am not sanguine that they will get much of it. More likely, America will muddle through here another little program for struggling students and homeowners, there the end of the Bush tax cuts for millionaires, but no wholesale tax reform, serious cutbacks in defense spending, or significant progress on global warming.