Following the GATS services sectoral classification, distribution services include commission agents' services, wholesale trade services, retailing services, and franchising.

An estimated additional 101 million in regional personal income from value added processing, distribution, wholesaling and retailing likely was generated.

Distribution services in Colombia contribute 4.5 per cent of GDP, of which retailing accounts for 1.5 per cent.

Distribution services are driven by innovation, with such segments as retailing becoming the most attractive destinations for investment.

Retailing of gasoline

The informal retailing sector will have a role to play once markets are opened and formal retailing expands.

3. A policy for European food systems would treat production, processing, distribution, logistics, and retailing in combination. Consumption patterns and preferences are an integral part of such systems.

In distribution of tourism products, the role of wholesalers continues to be important, along with the emerging trend towards on line retailing of tourist packages.

Developments in distribution services market Developed countries Distribution services in both retail and wholesale sectors have become a highly concentrated activity in developed countries, and they also play a commanding role in the overall organization of production, with large retailing conglomerates dominating markets.

Commission agents' services, wholesale trade services, retailing services, and franchising

Most manufacturers distribute their own products, using their own facilities and in house resources, instead of the proper distribution and retailing channels, with a resulting low level of efficiency and a low level of specialization.

In most developing countries, particularly in LDCs, traditional players still dominate the distribution industry, while the modern retailing sector caters to high income segments of the population and is located mainly in major cities.

While countries commit themselves to encouraging modern retailing to benefit consumers, farmers, manufacturers and other services providers, there is no one size fits all solution for implementing reform in the distribution sector and for maximizing development benefits.

In today's global markets, distribution and retailing service companies face a series of choices decisions, including about which markets to tap (e.g. where to invest) and how to disaggregate their supply chain (e.g. where to source from).

FDI facilitates the switch from informal to formal retailing.

And at the same time, certainly in Rwanda, it destroyed the local retailing industry.

It may involve the transport, distribution and sale of goods from a producer to a consumer, such as in wholesaling and retailing, or the provision of a service, such as in education, health care, tourism, entertainment, insurance, the media and legal advice.

In spite of recent developments, retailing continues to be one of the least developed industries in India, and the growth of organized retailing has been much slower than in the rest of the world.

Retailing is the largest private industry in India and the second largest employer after agriculture.

The sector is dominated in terms of turnover by food retailing and consumer care products.

The regulatory framework in the distribution sector and, more specifically, in the retailing segment includes regulations relating to the operation of stores, building codes, pricing practices, shop opening hours, promotional activities, planning and zoning, single unit pricing, deceptive advertising, unfair contract law and consumer protection.

Mergers and acquisitions have played an important role in the growing concentration of the retailing industry.

There are about 115,000 people who are retailing telephone services in their neighborhoods.

Consumer demand has been the main factor responsible for lower prices in retailing.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

The Zimbabwe Competition and Tariff Commission in July 2004 received notification of the proposed joint venture business operations between Tedco Industries Limited, a company involved in the manufacturing and retailing of furniture products, appliances and clothing, and Steinhoff Africa Limited of South Africa, a company involved in furniture manufacturing and distribution.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

Regulation and regulatory issues emerge as the next frontier or opportunity for ensuring sustained growth in the retailing sector.

Associations committees of Catholic business owners, labor leaders, and officials must set quotas, prices, and wages within vertically connected swaths of the economy called corporations. A typical Corporatist economy might contain thirty or so corporations foods, heavy industry, textiles, chemicals, etc. each encompassing raw materials, production, distribution, and retailing firms.

G S and private labels have a significant effect on market behaviour and increase the market power of large retailing conglomerates.

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

Factors promoting trade liberalization The globalization of retailing has been spurred by both push and pull factors (see table 5).

South African retailing companies have expanded to other African countries in search of opportunities not available domestically.

The increasing concentration has generated strong competition among retail establishments, which has translated into lower retailing margins and benefits to consumers.

However, the market structures remain quite diverse across countries for example, modern retailing accounts for 85 per cent in the United States but is only nascent in India (where it accounts for 1 to 2 per cent) and accounts for 20 per cent of overall retailing in China.

(a) Agriculture production and distribution of seeds distribution of farming tools

Without them, it would have been possible to buy 90,000 condenser units for locations retailing milk and meat, solving their refrigeration problems.

The GATS proposals on energy services classification capture services such as wholesale trade services, retailing services and storage services they refer to sales of fuels and wholesale brokerage (CPC 62113) wholesale trade services of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products (CPC 62271) and retailing services of fuel oil, bottled gas, coal, and woods (CPC 63297).

The transaction was considered to be largely a horizontal merger with some vertical elements between the merging parties' furniture manufacturing and retailing operations.

The regulatory environment has been highly liberal and regulations have been by and large limited to codes related to the construction of retailing real estate.

Archives, Indexing and Distribution

Composition and geographical distribution

distribution and human rights

The programme decided to maintain an embargo on retailing such loans in the West Bank and kept its outreach low in the Gaza Strip.

Recently a wholesale retailing operation (Cost U Less) and the first cinema opened in the Territory (the cinema is owned by a Hawaii based operator).