This right is essentially the right of the emitters to occupy, use and benefit from environmental capacity resources.

To be effective and of any relevance, the framework must include all major emitters, both developed and developing countries.

The time is also ripe to initiate dialogue on a more comprehensive approach for future actions against climate change where all major emitters of greenhouse gases will need to participate.

New Zealand also welcomes the Secretary General's focus on the need for enhanced action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change, including through commitments by all major greenhouse gas emitters.

In the short term, the world should become a sustainable global society of low CO2 emitters. This is a mission for all humankind, in which patriotic feelings and thinking in terms of power blocs have no place.

Emission right, also known as dumping right , means the right to discharge pollutants. It refers to the right for emitters to discharge pollutants to the environment in line with the law within the quota assigned by the government.

Today s developing countries are not yet major emitters of carbon dioxide, but with economic growth they will become so. Therefore, all countries, both developed and developing, need to do their part, with rich countries helping poor countries cover the financial costs of adjustment.

I am glad that the Kyoto Protocol has now entered into force, albeit three years after the deadline set by the Millennium Declaration, but I also note that it extends only until 2012 and that some major emitters of carbon remain outside it.

Those States renewed their support for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol and called on the countries which had not yet done so, in particular the major emitters, to ratify the Protocol without further delay.

Perhaps, for a start, it would be a good idea for the world s largest emitters to negotiate through the G 20, or something like it, for energy. Later, negotiations could be opened up to all states, placing them under the ambit of the UNFCCC, for example.

Perhaps most important, the United States and China the world s top two emitters, which together account for more than one third of global greenhouse gas emissions have finally stepped up, announcing concrete climate commitments in a joint statement last year. This injected significant momentum into global climate efforts.

We must develop a more inclusive international framework beyond 2012, with broader participation by all major emitters and both developed and developing countries, to ensure a concerted globally defined action, including through technological innovation, to mitigate climate change, taking into account the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.

Top down governance approaches have been useful, showing the willingness of some of the historical greenhouse gas emitters to accept remedial responsibility. The European Union, for example, has affirmed its commitment to the UNFCCC s Kyoto Protocol, the only international climate change treaty to date to include binding emissions reduction targets.

(l) Ensure concerted global action to mitigate climate change, including through technological innovation, and therefore resolve to develop a more inclusive international framework for climate change beyond 2012, with broader participation by all major emitters and both developing and developed countries, taking into account the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities

I ask all States to agree that scientific advances and technological innovations must be mobilized now to develop tools for mitigating climate change and that a more inclusive international framework must be developed for stabilizing greenhouse gas emissions beyond 2012, with broader participation by all emitters, both developed and developing countries.

This time will not be different. While an agreement might be reached in 2015, it will probably not cover all major emitters, and it definitely will not be ambitious enough to achieve the overarching goal of international climate cooperation, which is to prevent global temperatures from rising more than 2 Celsius above pre industrial levels.

So far, 155 countries including large emitters have submitted to the UN plans describing their intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) to the fight against climate change. India, the world s third largest emitter, has pledged to reduce emissions intensity by 33 35 from 2005 levels, and generate 40 of its power from non fossil fuel sources, by 2030.

Now is the time to start thinking about how to engage all nations, including large emitters, in conversations about what to do after the treaty s expiration in 2012. This is exactly what the European Commission did recently by providing its first strategy for a post Kyoto era, which will be discussed by the European Council next March.

The United States has made it clear that developing countries must sign up to substantial reductions in carbon emissions in Copenhagen. Developing nations especially China and India will be the main greenhouse gas emitters of the twenty first century but were exempted from the Kyoto Protocol because they emitted so little during the West s industrialization period.

In regard to the Kyoto Protocol, we expected the report, instead of proposing further commitments for developing countries, to call on the big emitters of green house gases to join the Kyoto Protocol and to urge developed country parties to the Protocol to take immediate and effective measures to meet their mitigation commitment in the first commitment period.

Over the last 22 years, that binary distinction has looked increasingly obsolete, as the larger developing countries, such as China and Brazil, have emerged as economic superpowers and major greenhouse gas emitters. For this reason, the developed world has long wanted to replace the firewall between the two historic groupings with a form of differentiation that better reflects the contemporary world.

Second, the world s two largest greenhouse gas emitters, the United States and China, are now more committed to action than they were five years ago. US President Barack Obama has announced a far reaching plan that authorizes the Environment Protection Agency to take dramatic measures in the next few months to limit power station emissions, virtually ending coal fired electricity generation altogether.

While the new paradigm would safeguard the legitimacy of existing regulatory and diplomatic instruments, such as emissions trading, the EU would have to reconsider the framework for applying them. Plans for flexible, incentive led cooperation between developed and developing countries (so called clubs ) would become increasingly important, with progress depending on the cooperation of major emitters like the United States, China, and India.

Both Chu and Locke are aware that the US and China are now the world s largest emitters of greenhouse gases, and that, if there is any hope of remedying global climate change, the two countries must quickly find a way to collaborate. Chu emphasized this point in his Tsinghua University speech, calling the global climate situation very disturbing, and stressing that we were all in it together.

In fact, the current situation, characterized by rising global greenhouse gas emissions, already amounts to failure, with the current trend putting the two degree target out of reach in less than a decade. The only hope is an international movement for immediate action, such as that which, in advance of the Copenhagen conference, compelled the world s largest carbon emitters including the United States and China to set emissions targets.

By the end of 2007, all of the world s governments should begin negotiations on a climate change system for the years after 2012, when the current Kyoto Protocol expires. Basic principles should be established during 2008, and by 2009, the world community, including the two largest emitters of carbon dioxide, the US and China, should be ready to make a serious deal, which should be concluded by 2010 and ratified in time to replace the Kyoto Protocol.