Africa and the least developed countries (LDCs) remain highly vulnerable to exogenous shocks, such as those related to weather or volatile international commodity prices.

But this overlooked a crucial feature of monetary unions free capital mobility and elimination of currency risk indispensable attributes of a currency area could be (and were) the source of asymmetric shocks. Currency unions, in other words, must worry about endogenous as much as exogenous shocks.

We have increased our financing to the countries most heavily affected by food and fuel shocks. And we stand ready to provide additional support including under a new financing mechanism for countries hit by exogenous shocks to help those whom the global financial crisis has affected most severely.

The Board was nevertheless concerned by the considerable uncertainty over the short term prospects for LDCs their fragile economies are particularly vulnerable to exogenous shocks such as the Asian financial crisis, declining commodity prices and natural calamities.

It is rare to get an exogenous investment in girls' education.

It was also extremely difficult to hedge against movements in totally exogenous factors.

16. Encourages the efforts, including those of the Bretton Woods institutions, to improve the assessment of debt sustainability in low and middle income countries through, inter alia, the development of better tools to deal with exogenous shocks and the need to take country specific factors into account

Germany s Five Shocks

(b) Electric shocks

20. Welcomes the ongoing efforts, including those of the Bretton Woods institutions, to improve the assessment of debt sustainability in low and middle income countries through, inter alia, the development of better tools to deal with exogenous shocks and the need to take country specific factors into account

Stronger regional governance structures may be the only effective means of reducing exogenous geopolitical risk.

Regression equation of income shocks

Most important, the projections of exogenous factors such as export and GDP growth rates often remain too optimistic.

The torture included beatings and electric shocks.

Well, traditional definition is an organism to which exogenous components have been added for the purpose of adapting to new environments.

Well, traditional definition is an organism to which exogenous components have been added for the purpose of adapting to new environments.

Adjustment, support to trade and trade related shocks

So it was a series of five painful shocks.

He was allegedly subjected to torture, including electric shocks.

A single drop was enough! Wounds, shocks, corns, gall,

These shocks were naturally beyond the ECB s control. The policy response, however, required preventing these shocks from becoming entrenched in medium to long term inflation expectations.

And they gave them a series of painful electric shocks.

Debt sustainability is also affected by vulnerability to external shocks.

Sound national policies are also essential for cushioning external shocks.

All four were allegedly tortured by means of electric shocks.

You know, that's the kind of observation that shocks people.

Did exogenous changes in income in Africa mainly drive the trade ratio when worldwide changes in trade regimes accompanied the striking change in trade ratios?

Regarding the transition and integration process, exogenous factors were crucial to the region's economic revitalization, which was underpinned by the ongoing macroeconomic and institutional reforms.

Means of recovery from natural environmental disasters and external economic shocks

(a) Physical or mental injury, including pain, suffering and emotional shocks

Give me a hand to lower this lifeboat. Clear the shocks.

Their eyes have three lenses, three pupils. Strong light shocks them.

Half of them are told that they're being given the shocks by somebody in another room, but the person in the other room doesn't know they're giving them shocks.

This external dependence increases their vulnerability to external economic threats and shocks.

Guillermo Romero Cierto was allegedly also beaten and subjected to electric shocks.

He was also allegedly subjected to electric shocks, including to the mouth.

He was also allegedly hung from the ceiling and given electric shocks.

Small island developing States are also vulnerable to exogenous environmental and economic events, such as the dramatic increase in fuel prices, which impede their opportunities for development.

Special and differential treatment was key to avoiding possible negative shocks, they added.

Ashot Avetsian was allegedly beaten with metal rods and subjected to electric shocks.

28. Vulnerability to external shocks and remoteness from the rest of the world.

Several participants pointed out that many developing countries remained vulnerable to external economic shocks.

Electric shocks were also said to have been applied to his arms and feet.

That Committee rightly considered lack of economic diversification as an indicator of the exposure to shocks and recognized that small countries tended to be more vulnerable to external shocks than large ones (E 2005 33, paras.

Globalization has increased the vulnerability of the developing and transition economies to adverse external shocks.