The reasons for the widespread inequality mostly lie in traditional gender roles and stereotypic belief that women and men have preconditions and skills that are inborn and not acquired.

It is unresolved because the scientific question has always been entangled with politics. Broadly speaking, those stressing inborn capacity have been political conservatives those emphasizing nurture have been political radicals.

Philosophy is inadequate to understand the roots of human psychology, because self reflection does not make us aware of the forces that drive most of our reactions to the environment. Rather, we are subject to inborn tendencies, which develop through the reciprocally influential forces of natural and sexual selection.

But there is also a higher risk of disaster, owing to a seemingly inborn human tendency to extrapolate past returns. Investors could create a stock market bubble, encouraging even more naïve investors to concentrate their personal retirement accounts in the stock market and leaving them dangerously exposed when it crashes.