He commended UNCTAD for its work on LDCs and endorsed the proposal towards stability in the inflows of funds at the disposal of UNCTAD for the benefit of these countries.

One might think that banks would counter balance the mutual fund industry s lobbying efforts, because the likely effect of forcing money market funds to pay for more of their systemic costs would be to expand funds flowing directly to banks. But inflows through money market funds are not so bad for banks, which get the cash without having to set aside reserves or pay for deposit insurance.

Although a marked liberalization, and deregulation and privatization policies, had been implemented, FDI inflows to Africa as a proportion of total developing country inflows had declined.

Mexico and Brazil accounted for half of the regional total inflows.

This increase is related mainly to inflows into developing

Each of the developing regions experienced an increase in FDI inflows in 2004.

One of the objectives of NEPAD is to attract high and stable inflows of FDI.

China, India, the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong (China) and Singapore projected higher inflows.

Net outflows have significantly offset the benefits derived from FDI inflows.

The fourth option is to impose capital controls on inflows (or liberalize controls on outflows). Leaving aside the issue of whether or not such controls are leaky, evidence suggests that controls on inflows of short term hot money do not affect the overall amount of capital inflows. Thus, such controls are ineffective in reducing short term cyclical pressure on the currency to appreciate.

Luxembourg and Spain, both major recipients of FDI in 2003, received lower FDI inflows last year.

Thus, the pattern in emerging market economies that liberalized capital inflows has been lower investment in the modern sectors of the economy, and eventually slower economic growth (once the consumption boom associated with the capital inflows plays out). By contrast, countries like China and India, which avoided a surge of capital inflows, managed to maintain highly competitive domestic currencies, and thereby kept profitability and investment high.

In recent years, private inflows have grown by an increase in workers' remittances.

The third panelist highlighted the trends and development of FDI inflows and outflows in the Asia Pacific region.

(iii) Booklets, fact sheets, wallcharts, information kits foreign direct investment inflows in the ESCWA region

The Libyan Arab Jamahiriya will significantly increase its FDI inflows as a result of the end of sanctions in 2003.

High world oil prices and capital inflows are strengthening the balance of payments and contributing to exchange rate appreciation.

The fifth option is to tighten fiscal policy and reduce budget deficits with the aim of lowering the high interest rates that drive the inflows. But sounder fiscal policy might lead to even higher inflows as the country s external balance and sovereign risk outlook improve.

However, Mexico recorded a strong recovery in FDI, and inflows into Brazil are picking up again.

This poses a great challenge as to how to induce more investment inflows to developing countries.

The participation of foreign investors in these markets means that the risks of sudden reversals of foreign capital inflows is not eliminated.

FDI inflows had become significant in Benin only after the establishment of a market oriented economy in the late 1980s.

Custody of funds

Investment of funds

FDI inflows into developed countries fell by an estimated 16 per cent to 321 billion in 2004.

Operating Funds UNDP and UNDP Trust Funds

Portfolio flows and foreign direct investment (FDI) posted the strongest growth, accounting for more than two thirds of total private inflows.

For developing countries as a whole, workers' remittances are the second largest source of private financial inflows after foreign direct investment.

Some countries responded by doing nothing, but many, including industrialized countries like Japan and Switzerland, intervened heavily in currency markets. Some resorted to capital account regulations on inflows, such as taxes on the foreign purchases of bonds, equities, and derivatives, reserve requirements on short term inflows, and so forth.

Funds for gender related activities are included in some of the thematic trust funds.

Seized funds represent only a small fraction of total funds available to terrorist organizations.

The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina budget funds (3 per cent of needs) Cantonal budget funds Municipal budget funds Other funds as decided by the Government of the Federation or cantonal governments or extended by municipal and administrative decisions.

Cheap external finance, plentiful capital inflows, and commodity booms helped hide many such shortcomings and fueled 15 years of emerging market growth.

Remittances from workers are a major, stable source of capital inflows for many developing countries, but they are nevertheless subject to shocks.

While the strategy of taking advantage of FDI inflows had been successful in other developing countries, this had not been the case in Africa.

Particularly in the form of short term loans and portfolio equity, these inflows could be highly unstable and an unreliable source of development finance.

(c) As the balance of payments deteriorated, especially after interruptions of capital inflows and sometimes massive flights of capital, the national currency was sharply devalued.

If appreciation does not reduce the current account surplus and capital inflows, then the renminbi s exchange rate is bound to face further upward pressure. That is why some people are advocating that China undertake a one shot, big bang appreciation large enough to defuse expectations of further strengthening and deter inflows of speculative hot money.

(a) Promote an economic and regulatory climate that is conducive to inward remittances and to capital inflows, in general.

UNCTAD's efforts to help developing countries raise FDI inflows were commendable, and its work in this context should continue.

The 1990s witnessed a rapid expansion of private capital inflows into developing countries, registering a sevenfold increase over the average for the 1980s.

Following three years of decline, global FDI inflows are estimated to have increased by 6 per cent in 2004 to some 612 billion.

As shown in table 2, over the past six years there have been fairly regular but volatile net inflows of FDI into Africa.

(11) Where a securities firm does not deposit or manage trading settlement funds, trust funds and funds and securities in secured accounts of clients according to provisions

Funds