Most economists favor finding ways to broaden the tax base for example, by eliminating special deductions and privileges in order to keep marginal tax rates low. Broadening the income tax base is a central element of the highly regarded Simpson Bowles proposals for tax reform in the United States.

High unemployment countries include high tax Germany, France, and Italy, but also low tax Japan and Spain. Low unemployment nations include low tax Britain and the US, but also very high tax Denmark and Sweden.

Capital tax differences among countries would induce capital to flow from the high tax to the low tax economies.

And fourthly, it is important to expand the tax base.

And, while raising so much revenue with so low a tax rate sounds grand, the declining volume of trades would shrink the tax base precipitously. As a result, the ultimate revenue gains are likely to prove disappointing, as Sweden discovered when it attempted to tax financial transactions two decades ago.

That had been accomplished by widening the tax base, improving administration efficiency, reducing corporate income tax, introducing a personal income tax of 10 per cent and keeping value added tax at 10 per cent.

And we want to shift the systems that open the doors for people who were formerly tax burdens to become part of the tax base.

Lagging states spend considerably less than leading states on social services, including education and health care. Poor regions have a low base of economic activity to tax, which prevents them from investing in human and physical capital.

In addition, private sector firms provide most of the tax base needed to fund public services.

However, the economy of Iraq showed signs of recovery, from a very low base.

This drop in revenues may be worsened by the amendments to the laws on free zones, value added tax and income tax adopted in 1997 and 1998, which together have eroded the tax base.

The second benefit the gaps between grades of low tax rates will be obviously widened.

In early April 1998, the Minister of State for Finance announced the introduction of a bold plan to reconstruct the tax system and to widen the tax base.

The Millennium Project report highlighted the problems of sub Saharan Africa and the poverty trap that is, low tax returns, low saving rates and the like.

As shown in a previous study by the secretariat, these changes are underscored by a shift in the industrial base towards low productivity, low pay activities.

Reducing the tax rate for companies substantially, while eliminating targeted business tax preferences and broadening the corporate tax base, would increase both investment and workers wages. Allowing multinational companies to repatriate overseas profits without paying additional US tax would also bolster investment and job creation at home.

From a very low base, FDI in Africa increased for the second consecutive year to 20 billion.

The first conclusion of the report was that global environmental taxes and the Tobin tax on currency transactions could yield substantial revenues at a very low tax rate.

Regrettably, the funding of United Nations development cooperation was still low and depended on a small donor base.

In exchange for shifting to a territorial system and reducing the tax rate, the federal government could tax all of these untaxed past earnings at a low rate to be paid over a ten year period. Companies would then be free to repatriate their pre existing earnings without paying any additional tax, while future foreign earnings could, as in other countries, be repatriated by paying a low 5 tax.

Instead, developing country leaders must draw on the experiences of both developed countries and their peers to design tax policies that meet the basic requirements of operability, buoyancy, and stability. This can include broadening the tax base, reducing tax avoidance and evasion, improving tax collection, and developing new, cooperative international taxation strategies.

But how should additional revenues be raised from top taxpayers to achieve these two goals? Most economists believe that increasing revenues by reforming the tax code and broadening the tax base is probably better for the economy s long term growth than raising income tax rates.

This was an improvement on 1996, but lower than the rate for 1995. 34. During 1997, the Government began to implement a fiscal reform aimed at increasing tax revenues and enhancing the efficiency of public spending. In the revenue area, the main objective was to increase tax collection by expanding the tax base, strengthening tax administration and revising the principal taxes, without increasing income tax rates and value added tax.

For these reasons, Obama is championing a revenue neutral reform that would leave corporate tax revenues unchanged, with the proposed rate cut financed by limiting deductions, credits, and loopholes, which would broaden the tax base.

Italy, like Greece, has been trying to broaden its tax base. Aerial surveys now detect garden swimming pools tax assessors investigate yachts moored in harbors and no transactions above 1,000 ( 1,268) may be made in cash.

The Direction Générale des Impôts (DGI), the tax authority, has continued to try to widen the scope of the tax collection base through various schemes in Government controlled areas in an effort to increase State revenues.

In such a case, creditors of a group company with a significant asset base would have their assets diminished by the claims of creditors of another group company with a low asset base.

Since the introduction of the Building Independence Strategy in 1998, low income families have seen their after tax disposable incomes increase.

These revenue losses could be offset by curtailing so called corporate tax expenditures deductions, credits, and other special tax provisions that subsidize some economic activities while penalizing others and broadening the corporate tax base. Both President Barack Obama s plan for business tax reform and the Simpson Bowles deficit reduction plan propose reducing such expenditures to pay for a reduction in the corporate tax rate.

In many countries, there is considerable scope for domestic resource mobilization. Broadening the tax base, improving tax administration, and closing gaps in the value added tax could make a significant difference in lower income countries, where tax revenues account for only about 10 14 of GDP, compared to 20 30 of GDP in high income countries.

This entails abandoning the prevailing dogma that taxes should only be increased when absolutely necessary. This stance assumes that lower tax rates raise the tax GDP ratio by ensuring better compliance with tax laws, and favors indirect taxation (such as value added taxes) in order to broaden the tax base to include those with modest incomes.

The island has experienced the emergence of crime, which was formerly foreign to the Territory, albeit from a very low base.

(a) For duty stations with low post adjustment that would otherwise fall below the level of the new base floor none

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Similarly, a modest carbon tax or value added tax, with credits or subsidies to offset the regressive effects on low income households, could generate enough revenue both to pay for a significant reduction in the corporate tax rate and to make a meaningful contribution to deficit reduction.

It was widely recognized that its key assets were a trainable labour force, relatively low wages, tax incentives, generally good quality governance (a low level of corruption) and the existence of a dynamic domestic private sector.

They range from low cost financing, tax incentives, business development, marketing, design, technology adoption, standards upgrading, productivity improvement and computerization to expanding operations abroad.

After averting its eyes since coming to power, Japan s new government has finally started discussing tax hikes. One possibility is an increase in the consumption tax, which currently stands at 5 low in comparison with other industrialized countries.

The donor base, moreover, remained low. He therefore urged all Member States to make non earmarked contributions to UNHHSF on a multi year basis.

The proportion of countries that base their campaigns on needs assessment is especially low in Latin America and the Caribbean and Sub Saharan Africa.

Finally, Abe s growth strategy demands a corporate tax reduction a powerful tool for increasing the tax base in a world in which countries are competing to attract multinational companies. Indeed, lower taxes are vital to increase foreign and domestic investment in Japan.

The overall poverty rate (Low Income Cutoffs After Tax) for Newfoundland and Labrador has decreased from 12.8 percent in 2000 to 9.6 percent in 2002.

Providing economic incentives to farmers and industries, for example in the form of low interest credit, tax relief and subsidies, could encourage investments in water conservation, low cost waste water treatment, soil conservation and other land management practices.

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However, the Territory still faces problems associated with a shrinking tax base, an ageing population and the exodus of skilled individuals leaving in pursuit of higher wages offshore.