And these four types of information your optic nerve has about a million fibers in it, and 900,000 of those fibers send these four types of information.

So they're spinning these tiny nano fibers of pure cellulose.

So silk fibers vary in their strength and also their extensibility.

It can also mean the fibers that grow from a head.

When the sunlight comes through the window you see these little fibers.

Then I used fibers out of my jumper, which I held and stretched.

So what you can see here is that the five fibers have different behaviors.

When you look at this orb web, you're actually seeing many types of silk fibers.

There's quite a bit of variation within the fibers that an individual spider can make.

Stroke you normally think of as damage to the fibers, nothing you can do about it.

Here are stress strain curves generated by tensile testing five fibers made by the same spider.

And if we think of that let me put the picture up the fibers represent vulnerability.

This matrix self assembles, growing through and around the particles, making millions and millions of tiny fibers.

It has to go all over the world through fibers, through satellites, through all kinds of connections.

We'd had 10,000 years of extremely knowledgeable pastoralists bunching and moving their animals, but they had created the great manmade deserts of the world.

We support in principle and on the basis of our convictions any action aimed at alleviating difficult situations resulting from natural or manmade disasters.

You can see multiple fibers coming out of the spinnerets, because each spinneret has many spigots on it.

Specifically, if you look on the vertical axis, that's stress. If you look at the maximum stress value for each of these fibers, you can see that there's a lot of variation, and in fact dragline, or major ampullate silk, is the strongest of these fibers.

So all of those colored lines correspond to bunches of axons, the fibers that join cell bodies to synapses.

So I got the teddy bear and I said, Do you mind if I pull out one of your fibers?

The Bible says you cannot wear clothes made of mixed fibers, so I thought, Sounds strange, but I'll try it.

You can imagine that then maybe you can use a pure protein to guide light, and so we've made optical fibers.

It's actually relatively simple to do, technically, because it can use existing fibers that are in the ground, existing wireless infrastructure.

Scientists and engineers who work on climate change stress that governments need to adopt two main responses. The first, called mitigation, means reducing the amount of manmade climate change.

It is made for a diet which is soft, mushy, which is reduced in fibers, which is very easily chewable and digestible.

Now I'm going to mark on the toughness values for nylon fiber, bombyx or domesticated silkworm silk wool, Kevlar, and carbon fibers.

Climate scientists have warned for years that global warming caused by manmade emissions of greenhouse gases will generate more extreme storms. While there is no scientific way to link a particular hurricane such as Katrina to the long term trend in the sense that Katrina might have been bad luck rather than a sign of manmade climate change the energy of hurricanes throughout the world has been rising markedly.

What silk biologists do is we try to relate these sequences, these amino acid sequences, to the mechanical properties of the silk fibers.

You have to put in hundreds of microscopic wires to record from little tiny individual neurons ordinary fibers that put out tiny signals that are microvolts.

Voltage peak in fibers causes changes of current circuit and crystal vibration, so that ultrasonic receiver (which currently is still the source that sends ultrasonic vibration) can detect echo.

Under a different load, it's a different structure. And you can actually exploit that by putting in a very small number of conducting fibers to actually make it a sensor.

Bunn W B, Bender JR, Hesterberg TW, Chase G R, Konzen J L (1993) Recent studies of man made vitreous fibers Chronic animals inhalation studies. J Occup Med, 35 101 113.

The plight of migrants is particularly tragic when its source is violent conflict, like in Syria and Libya, or natural or manmade disasters. In crises like these, migrants lives and physical safety are jeopardized through no fault of their own.

Instead of one point in the brain, we can devise devices that span the brain, that can deliver light into three dimensional patterns arrays of optical fibers, each coupled to its own independent miniature light source.

This can be done by changing the world s energy system to limit emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere the main driver of manmade climate change. One option is a shift to non carbon energy sources, such as renewable energy (solar and wind power) and nuclear energy.

The development challenges in Africa are just one example of how tough societal problems can be addressed by the design and spread of improved technologies. The same will be true of how the world best addresses manmade climate change another of those seemingly intractable global problems.

Our best defence against this danger lies in strengthening public health, and the recommendations to this end contained in section II above have a double merit they would both help to address the scourge of naturally occurring infectious disease and contribute to our safety against manmade outbreaks.

The silk worm does a remarkable thing it uses these two ingredients, protein and water, that are in its gland, to make a material that is exceptionally tough for protection so comparable to technical fibers like Kevlar.

That was like the fibers of the cotton candy creating this structure, this tubularized structure, which is a biomaterial that we can then use to help your body regenerate using your very own cells to do so.

The author of this paper explained that the crystal converts the vibration of ultrasound emitted outside the human body into electricity to drive a tiny transistor, which is directly attached to a nerve or muscle fibers, inside the device.

The Japanese still live comfortably, better by one third than the South Koreans, thanks to their past investments. Japanese companies abroad remain profitable and Japan is still the global leader in high tech niches like electronics or carbon fibers.

Global demand for fish consumption is growing, and so, too, is the global capacity to catch fish, driving some species to the point of extinction. Improved aquaculture, in which fish are grown at manmade fishponds and reservoirs is still far from being a perfect technology, mainly for environmental reasons, yet it is enormously promising.

Political leaders in countries that produce coal, oil, and gas like the US, Australia, and Canada have pretended that climate change is a mere hypothesis. For several years, the Bush administration tried to hide the facts from the public, deleting references to manmade climate from government documents and even trying to suppress statements by leading government scientists.

And with the new generation of scanning tools, for the first time we can actually see individual inter neural fibers and see them processing and signaling in real time but then the question is, OK, we can get this data now, but can we understand it?

Each of these silk fibers exits from the spigot, and if you were to trace the fiber back into the spider, what you would find is that each spigot connects to its own individual silk gland. A silk gland kind of looks like a sac with a lot of silk proteins stuck inside.