It would be going too far to liken these munitions to genuine cluster munitions, as one shell carries only two BONUS munitions at a time.

(iii) Sub Munitions

Legacy Munitions Awaiting Destruction

Air delivered Cluster Munitions

Identifying high risk munitions

(a) List of munitions

Specific Types of Munitions

Since all explosive munitions can become ERW, this question relates to all explosive munitions used in armed conflict.

Military Utility of Cluster Munitions

Artillery Rocket launched Cluster Munitions

Movement of arms and munitions

Air launched sub munitions (multi fuze) Ground launched sub munitions (single fuze) Ground launched sub munitions (multi fuze) Hand projected (rifle) grenades Mortar rounds (excl. carrier round) Artillery projectiles Aircraft unitary bombs

Different manufacturers of sub munitions around the world have achieved different levels of dud rates with their sub munitions.

The designs of which types of munitions, including sub munitions, need to be considered for improvement as possible preventive measures?

(v) Aerial delivered Bombs Sub munitions,

The persistent nature of cluster munitions when they fail to explode forms one of the most problematic aspects of these munitions.

The UK has both air delivered and ground launched cluster munitions, which can serve as examples of how cluster munitions are used.

OGR munitions are delivered by artillery shells.

Legal and humanitarian concerns about cluster munitions

No IHL treaty specifically regulates cluster munitions.

6. Welcomes the commitment by States parties to continue to address the humanitarian problems caused by certain specific types of munitions in all their aspects, including cluster munitions, with a view to minimizing the humanitarian impact of these munitions

List of relevant categories and types of munitions

Are there still arms and munitions in Liberia?

Irrespective of the means of delivery of the sub munitions, States parties should be striving for the highest possible function rate for the sub munitions.

The reliability testing of existing and stored munitions should be part of any preventive measure designed to reduce the likelihood of munitions, including submunitions, from becoming ERW.

Possession, carriage or transport of weapons of war and munitions

The examination of the munitions will include all components and packaging.

It also destroyed its stockpile of related munitions between 1996 and 2002.

France now plans to acquire a trajectory correction system on OGR munitions.

Not all UNMIL investigations have led to discoveries of weapons and munitions.

They specialize in the clandestine trade and transport of high raw explosives (explosive making materials, e.g., granules and C 4, as opposed to prepared munitions, such as mortar bombs, mines, and other munitions).

These disparities have important financial and technical implications, particularly for the development, production and stockpiling of new munitions, for the retrofitting of existing munitions as well as the decommissioning or destruction of existing stockpiles.

The existing IHL principles and rules applicable to the use of explosive munitions

The characteristics of cluster munitions also raise concerns under the rule of proportionality.

Most commonly these munitions had been primed to fire using commercial plastic explosive.

In addition, no evidence of biological munitions filled with dry agents was found.

The Working Group on Explosive Remnants of War held two meetings and discussed the implementation of existing principles of International Humanitarian Law and possible preventive measures aimed at improving the design of certain specific types of munitions, including sub munitions, with a view to minimise the humanitarian risk of these munitions becoming explosive remnants of war.

All of the measures recommended above are strictly monitored by the Ministry of the Interior through the Weapons and Munitions Office with respect to the enforcement of the Act on the weapons and munitions regime.

It should be noted that fragments of destroyed biological munitions were first inspected, but not recognized as such, by inspectors in 1992, when these had been claimed by Iraq as part of the chemical munitions.

This paper will focus principally on the way in which cluster munitions are used.

This is reflected in future UK investment, which is focused on precision guided munitions.

BELOUGA munitions France has withdrawn the BLG 66 BELOUGA grenade launching bomb from service.

Military officials are also troubled by the impact of cluster munitions on civilian populations.

There should be a distinction between future production and possible retrofitting of existing munitions.

The list of specific types of munitions is illustrative. It should not be seen or understood as proof or irrefutable evidence that the identified types of munitions might pose an unacceptable humanitarian risk as explosive remnants of war.