That's what enzymes are doing.

Enzymes are breaking forth sugars.

The enzymes remanufactured the hydrocarbons into carbohydrates fungal sugars.

The mycelium is producing enzymes peroxidases that break carbon hydrogen bonds.

And enzymes are the secret, kind of, ingredient in dough that brings out flavor.

So many reactions involving enzymes and proteins are sensitive to the acid content of the ocean.

This whole system generates a huge surface to allow more enzymes to attack the remaining oil.

And there are little chemical scissors, called restriction enzymes which cut DNA whenever they see particular patterns.

You have on your left an olive oil droplet, and this olive oil droplet gets attacked by enzymes.

So that's where we stand at the moment, and I've just got a few final thoughts, which is that this is another way in which biology is now coming in to supplement chemistry in some of our societal advances in this area, and these biological approaches are coming in in very different forms, and when you think about genetic engineering, we've now got enzymes for industrial processing, enzymes, genetically engineered enzymes in food.

First, how do the various foods we consume impact our metabolism, hormones and enzymes, and through what nuanced molecular mechanisms?

We're also combining cellulases, the enzymes that break down complex sugars into simple sugars and fermentation in the same cell for producing ethanol.

In this configuration the sensing molecules, most often enzymes, are immobilized on the tip of the probe or held in place by a membrane.

Enzymes that chew things up, antibodies, it s all, you know, the fit between a protein and whatever it is grabbing, in this case a smell.

It's possible because the mycelium produces oxalic acids, and many other acids and enzymes, pockmarking rock and grabbing calcium and other minerals and forming calcium oxalates.

131. In RFLP analysis, certain enzymes that cleave DNA sequences are added to the sample, and the resulting reaction mixture undergoes electrophoresis in order to separate fragments of different sizes.

And the two pieces are then linked by something that can only be cut if you have the right molecular scissors for example, the kind of protease enzymes that tumors make.

There were four piles saturated with diesel and other petroleum waste one was a control pile one pile was treated with enzymes one pile was treated with bacteria and our pile we inoculated with mushroom mycelium.

Another factor in the relationship between genetic composition and observable traits is the way that proteins can sometimes be modified. For example, protein enzymes can be turned on and off, thereby altering their function and activity.

Plant biotechnology is an important source of renewable fuels, degradable plastics, rubbers, adhesives and other products derived from fossil fuels, which can play a central role in the production of pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, industrial enzymes and other products.

And so if you change the recipe, and you add things when you pour so you add things to your liquid silk solution where these things are enzymes or antibodies or vaccines, the self assembly process preserves the biological function of these dopants.

Venter s group did much the same thing in the recently reported research, except that they used chemical synthesis instead of enzymes to make the DNA. But some of the hype that surrounded the publication of the ensuing article in the journal Nature was disproportionate.amp 160

But what I have to do now, feeling again, what I've got to do is to be able to supply enough of these enzymes, of these triggers into something early on in the process, that you pick it up, not through your thinking, but through your feeling.

What are the first principles of this stuff and where are we heading? This is one of the gentle giants on the planet. He's one of the nicest human beings you've ever met. His name is Hamilton Smith. He won the Nobel for figuring out how to cut genes something called restriction enzymes.

Similarly, ethnic groups and individuals vary widely in their ability to clear medications from the bloodstream, owing to differences in the activity of the enzymes that metabolize, or degrade, drugs. That is important because low metabolizers clear certain drugs slowly and have more medication in their systems for longer periods of time than high metabolizers.

In another hybrid discipline, molecular computing, organic or artificial enzymes are programmed to conduct complex calculations faster than silicon chips. The field could provide an avenue, alongside 3D silicon chips, for maintaining or even accelerating the pace of Moore s Law, which states that the number of transistors on the integrated circuits used by computers doubles every two years.