What proteins are involved in signal transduction and also related to pyramidal neurons?

So, I call them Gandhi neurons, or empathy neurons.

And that is, there are mirror neurons, just as there are mirror neurons for action, there are mirror neurons for touch.

Neurons ... communication.

As just a second example these pyramidal cells, large cells, they can span a significant fraction of the brain.

There's 10,000 neurons here.

They are called neurons.

Let's look at neurons.

If we can install these molecules in neurons somehow, then these neurons would become electrically drivable with light.

We're looking at neurons here.

Mirror neurons and imitation, emulation.

We're the neurons in this brain.

So here's two sort of canonical neurons from a vertebrate and an invertebrate, a human pyramidal neuron from Ramon y Cajal, and another cell to the right, a non spiking interneuron, and this is the work of Alan Watson and Malcolm Burrows many years ago, and Malcolm Burrows came up with a pretty interesting idea based on the fact that this neuron from a locust does not fire action potentials.

He took 20,000 and then 60,000 disaggregated rat neurons so these are just individual neurons from rats put them on a chip.

VS Ramachandran The neurons that shaped civilization

I mean, neurons have thousands of these.

Ed Boyden A light switch for neurons

And we did that for tens of thousands of neurons, built digital models of all the different types of neurons we came across.

The unique character of both individual neurons and neurons within a collection of the brain are driven by fundamental properties of their underlying biochemistry.

Now you've probably seen pictures of neurons before.

Imagine a network of neurons with one neuromodulator.

And you may have more or less neurons.

We can use different neurons with different variations.

So now the neurons are represented by little nodes or circuits on the chip, and the connections among the neurons are represented, actually modeled by transistors.

Now, what is the significance of these mirror neurons?

Its modest nervous system consists of just 300 neurons.

There are neurons there that are sensitive to faces.

So we can describe the communication between the neurons.

So there's about 86 billion neurons in our brain.

So as I mentioned, there are 86 billion neurons.

The nasal cavity is unique, as the only place where brain cells (neurons) are directly exposed to the environment. If we model smell on local terms, we can trace how nasal neurons interact with scent particles, sending signals through a network of other neurons to the brain.

Now, it turns out there are neurons which are called ordinary motor command neurons in the front of the brain, which have been known for over 50 years.

There are 100 billion neurons in the adult human brain.

So, we have the mathematics to make neurons come alive.

There are these newly identified neurons, mirror neurons, that act like a neuro Wi Fi, activating in our brain exactly the areas activated in theirs. We feel with automatically.

Well, the brain, as you know, is made up of neurons.

These neurons will fire when a person performs a specific action.

So, here again you have neurons which are enrolled in empathy.

The branches of neurons are like the wires of the brain.

How small can neurons get? Well, look at this interesting insect.

We can look at the fabric. And we can change neurons.

And like the rest of the brain, it's made of neurons.

So, the fabric of the brain, even though your brain may be smaller, bigger, it may have different types of neurons, different morphologies of neurons, we actually do share the same fabric.

And if we record from lots of different neurons, we'll see that different neurons fire when the animal goes in different parts of its environment, like in this square box shown here.

But they'll also go inside our brain, interact with our biological neurons.