Banking sector reform

The retail sector is characterized by economies of scale and scope as well as vertical integration and the existence of large retail chains.

EDI is also making inroads into the banking sector.

The fresh food supermarket war has escalated, and have become a phenomenal topic in the new retail sector. Just what is new in new retail?

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

Decreasing regulation and productivity gains appear to be directly linked in the modern retail sector.

Giving micro finance institutions access to national and regional payments systems and electronic retail facilities will go a long way toward meeting the requirements of the retail and business sector in terms of banking facilities. It will also help facilitate access by the poorest to financial services, thus helping to reduce the high proportion of the un banked population.

The Government of Barbados is currently reviewing the existing supervisory system related to the banking and non banking financial sector.

First, it does not do enough to shield retail banking from investment banking risks, of which only a small share relate to proprietary trading. Second, the US has a very different banking system to begin with, including various regulations on how depository institutions can relate to affiliated trading entities.

Its banking sector was 10 times the GDP of the rest of the economy.

Its members proposed that universal banks be obliged to set up ring fenced retail banking subsidiaries with a much higher share of equity capital. Only the retail subsidiaries would be permitted to rely on the central bank for lender of last resort support.

Pakistan, where distribution (both wholesale and retail) is the single largest complement of the services sector, is an interesting example.

For example, the United Kingdom s Independent Commission on Banking (ICB) has proposed ring fencing retail activities from investment banking activities in separately capitalized divisions of a bank holding company. This is a compromise aimed at minimizing the incentive to gamble with public insurance while allowing some economies of scale for banking activities.

Governments should encourage the banking sector to provide credit to SMEs, for example through fiscal incentives.

With regard to private sector banking, better management and a larger capital basis would be essential.

The group s report, published in October 2012, came to a similar conclusion as the Vickers Commission concerning the danger of brigading retail and investment banking activities in the same legal entity, and recommended separating the two. The proposal mirrors the UK plan the investment banking and trading arms, not the retail side, would be ring fenced but the end point would be quite similar.

Retail area

Moreover, both Liikanen and the ICB favor structured universal banking legally separate entities with separate capital, management, and so forth rather than calling for its demise, as urged by those who want to split commercial from investment banking fully. For large banks, Liikanen would separate trading from deposit banking, while the ICB s proposals, which are now incorporated in draft legislation in Britain, would ring fence retail banking.

SINGAPORE After years of debate, India s government recently announced that will open the country s retail sector to foreign investment. The move was met with howls of protest from those who argue that the entry of large hypermarket chains like Carrefour and Walmart will devastate the small shops that currently dominate India s retail sector.

However, in order to strengthen the banking sector and the financial markets more effective policies were required.

The global banking and financial services sector is the most sophisticated of all the trade efficiency sectors.

In March 1998, analysts estimated that recapitalization of the banking sector alone would cost over 20 billion.

The process of opening the retail sector in China began in 1992 when foreign investment was allowed in retailing on a trial basis.

Magical new retail

Retail fuel dealers

Retail trade 353

The banking sector has undergone tremendous transformation, from over 80 banks to 25 banks. Strengthening of the system.

But controls beyond the banking sector are more difficult to implement and enforce and are arguably as important.

Glass Steagall aimed to prevent commercial banks from gambling with their depositors money by mandating the institutional separation of retail and investment banking. The result was 65 years of relative financial stability.

They have focused on non tradable goods and services those that cannot be imported or exported and have eschewed international competition. They have focused on banking, construction, distribution, retail, and television broadcasting.

Part of this is pure automation. Another important part is disintermediation the elimination of intermediaries in banking, online retail, and a host of government services, to name just a few affected areas.

Wholesale and retail petrol

Wholesale and retail trade

Wholesale and retail trade

27. Retail and wholesale

16 Eurostat, Retail trade biggest source of employment, 65 now employed in EU service sector, Women Key Players , Press release No. 7198 (18 September 1998).

Tertiary sector Wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels transport, storage and communications finance, insurance, real estate and business services community, social and personal services.

With 15 million retail outlets, India has the highest retail outlet density in the world.

The losses incurred by domestic investors can have a long term effect on the pension system or the banking sector.

Local governments may, within the limits of their powers, support the development of enterprises in cooperation with the banking sector.

Other terms include parallel banking, underground banking and ethnic banking.

Yeah, retail therapy might help.

Retail trade and repair services

But the Team believes that it is not enough to look only at what is happening in the official banking sector.

14. Ms. Morgan Moss (Panama) said that the service sector, especially banking, accounted for a major part of her country s economy.