So, I call them Gandhi neurons, or empathy neurons.

Neurons ... communication.

And that is, there are mirror neurons, just as there are mirror neurons for action, there are mirror neurons for touch.

There's 10,000 neurons here.

They are called neurons.

Let's look at neurons.

I mean, neurons have thousands of these.

And we did that for tens of thousands of neurons, built digital models of all the different types of neurons we came across.

We're looking at neurons here.

Mirror neurons and imitation, emulation.

Now you've probably seen pictures of neurons before.

Imagine a network of neurons with one neuromodulator.

The unique character of both individual neurons and neurons within a collection of the brain are driven by fundamental properties of their underlying biochemistry.

There are more neuromodulators that alter, that innervate this structure than actually neurons in the structure, and they're able to generate a complicated set of patterns.

If we can install these molecules in neurons somehow, then these neurons would become electrically drivable with light.

We're the neurons in this brain.

Its modest nervous system consists of just 300 neurons.

Now, what is the significance of these mirror neurons?

VS Ramachandran The neurons that shaped civilization

Ed Boyden A light switch for neurons

The branches of neurons are like the wires of the brain.

And like the rest of the brain, it's made of neurons.

The amazing thing about this is that it's controlled by a really tiny set of neurons, about two dozen neurons that can produce a vast variety of different motor patterns, and the reason it can do this is that this little tiny ganglion in the crab is actually inundated by many, many neuromodulators.

He took 20,000 and then 60,000 disaggregated rat neurons so these are just individual neurons from rats put them on a chip.

Well, the brain, as you know, is made up of neurons.

And you may have more or less neurons.

We can use different neurons with different variations.

Now, it turns out there are neurons which are called ordinary motor command neurons in the front of the brain, which have been known for over 50 years.

So, the fabric of the brain, even though your brain may be smaller, bigger, it may have different types of neurons, different morphologies of neurons, we actually do share the same fabric.

Now, at this point, you've learned the basics of neurons and synapses.

The nasal cavity is unique, as the only place where brain cells (neurons) are directly exposed to the environment. If we model smell on local terms, we can trace how nasal neurons interact with scent particles, sending signals through a network of other neurons to the brain.

There are neurons there that are sensitive to faces.

So we can describe the communication between the neurons.

So there's about 86 billion neurons in our brain.

So as I mentioned, there are 86 billion neurons.

And if we record from lots of different neurons, we'll see that different neurons fire when the animal goes in different parts of its environment, like in this square box shown here.

So now the neurons are represented by little nodes or circuits on the chip, and the connections among the neurons are represented, actually modeled by transistors.

There are 100 billion neurons in the adult human brain.

So, we have the mathematics to make neurons come alive.

Neuroscientist Vilayanur Ramachandran outlines the fascinating functions of mirror neurons. Only recently discovered, these neurons allow us to learn complex social behaviors, some of which formed the foundations of human civilization as we know it.

In other words, instead of recording the activity of neurons, we need to control it.

And there is whole chains of neurons around this room, talking to each other.

So now we have organic computer chips made out of living, self aggregating neurons.

These neurons will fire when a person performs a specific action.

So, here again you have neurons which are enrolled in empathy.