Whereas a skin cell or a liver cell, for instance, can reproduce only more skin or liver, stem cells, which are the most robust at the beginning of human development, are master cells. As a fertilized egg turns into an embryo, and then a fetus, those initial stem cells somehow show their daughter cells how to become skin, liver, eye, or bone.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

This was done in Japan and in the U.S., published at the same time, and it rebooted skin cells into stem cells, last year.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

That's all stem cells.

If we cannot use stem cells from your body then we'd like to use donor stem cells.

Plus we have stem cells.

And adult stem cells are found in you and me in our blood, in our bone marrow, in our fat, our skin and other organs.

We've talked about stem cells tonight.

We can now reprogram your skin cells to actually act like a pluripotent embryonic stem cell and to utilize those potentially to treat multiple organs in that same patient making your own personalized stem cell lines.

These are female and male stem cells.

It's a great source of stem cells.

You all know about embryonic stem cells.

But the moral controversy surrounding embryonic stem cells the fact that these cells are derived from five day old human embryos has encouraged research into other types of stem cells.

And for those we still need stem cells.

Stem cells are packed in that liposuction fluid.

Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem cell therapy for over 40 years.

And I stumbled across something called cancer stem cells.

We also have adult stem cells throughout our body.

Or we can use cells alone, either your very own cells or different stem cell populations.

And some of our investigative teams have demonstrated that female stem cells and this is in animals and increasingly we're showing this in humans that female stem cells, when put even into a male body, do better than male stem cells going into a male body.

And we're working a lot with the stem cells that we published on two years ago, stem cells from the amniotic fluid, and the placenta, which have those properties.

Stem cells provide hope for new beginnings small, incremental steps, cells rather than organs, repair rather than replacement.

Then, they sprayed stem cells onto that heart, from a mouse.

Those stem cells self organized, and that heart started to beat.

They discovered that adult cells, taken from you and me, could be reprogrammed back into embryonic like cells, which they termed IPS cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells.

Today we realize that there are many different types of stem cells.

And here is the limitation adult stem cells are mature cells, and, like mature human beings, these cells are more restricted in their thought and more restricted in their behavior and are unable to give rise to the wide variety of specialized cell types, as embryonic stem cells can .

My body's an accumulation of ideas too the idea of skin cells, the idea of brain cells, the idea of liver cells.

Here go the stem cells, right into the beating heart of the patient.

Because what stem cells are they're these phenomenal cells that really have the ability to differentiate into any type of tissue.

There are 170 clinical trials investigating the role of stem cells in heart disease.

Last summer I worked at Stanford University, doing some research on cancer stem cells.

The cancer stem cells remain, and the tumor can return months or years later.

And at that time, stem cell research had gained momentum, following the isolation of the world's first human embryonic stem cells in the 1990s.

The observation that stem cells, as master cells, could give rise to a whole variety of different cell types heart cells, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public.

And I focused my research on stem cells as a possible source for cell transplants.

Now today, many clinical trials are using different kinds of stem cells for heart disease.

The hope is that this gets more stem cells out, which translates to better outcomes.

Stem cells may be used as building blocks to repair damaged scaffolds within our body, or to provide new liver cells to repair damaged liver.

Stem cells may be used to deliver growth factors to repair damaged heart muscle or be differentiated into heart muscle cells to restore heart function.

These are stem cells that we create from specific sources, and we can drive them to become heart cells, and they start beating in culture.

And as it turns out, fat is one of the best sources of adult stem cells.

So why should you care? Bone marrow is a very rich source of adult stem cells.