In cancer, cells rapidly divide and lead to uncontrolled tumor growth.

And this is exactly how one cancer cell becomes two cancer cells, two cancer cells become four cancer cells, and we have ultimately uncontrolled tumor growth.

And cancer, a tumor, is something you grow out of your own tissue.

We think that cancer cells actually come off the tumor, get into the saliva.

The cancer stem cells remain, and the tumor can return months or years later.

The vet diagnosed this as transmissible venereal tumor, a sexually transmitted cancer that affects dogs.

With a growing number of cancer survivors, we need to understand better the twin processes of tumor dormancy and metastatic cancer recurrence. While remarkable progress has been made in understanding the biology of cancer leading in part to the development of new, less toxic drugs our understanding of the biology of tumor metastasis, and especially the development of metastases after a long period of tumor dormancy, has lagged.

When the devil bites another devil, it actually physically implants living cancer cells into the next devil, so the tumor continues to grow.

In effect, when we give cancer patients antiangiogenic therapy here, an experimental drug for a glioma, which is a type of brain tumor you can see that there are dramatic changes that occur when the tumor is being starved.

And we can follow where they flow out from that tumor site, so we can see the first places where that cancer might travel.

William Li presents a new way to think about treating cancer and other diseases anti angiogenesis, preventing the growth of blood vessels that feed a tumor. The crucial first step Eating cancer fighting foods that cut off the supply lines and beat cancer at its own game.

In fact, this aromatase is so important in breast cancer that the latest treatment for breast cancer is a chemical called letrozole, which blocks aromatase, blocks estrogen, so that if you developed a mutated cell, it doesn't grow into a tumor.

Metastases, not the primary tumor, are responsible for most cancer deaths. If we are to continue to improve on cancer survival statistics, we need to learn how to prevent, delay, or thwart the processes that give rise to metastatic disease.

The tumor in your leg is not consistent with a benign tumor.

In some ways, the success of cancer research is fueling pressure to cure cancer quickly, steering clinical and laboratory researchers away from the tricky problems of metastasis and long term tumor dormancy. This focus ultimately may be shortsighted, as the increasing number of cancer survivors leads to an increase in late recurrences.

Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation are the best known methods for treating cancer. At TEDMED, Bill Doyle presents a new approach, called Tumor Treating Fields, which uses electric fields to interrupt cancer cell division. Still in its infancy and approved for only certain types of cancer the treatment comes with one big benefit quality of life.

But our dramatic progress in detecting and treating cancer has also led to growing awareness of the problem of tumor dormancy a patient appears to be cured, only to have the same cancer return years or even decades later. In breast cancer or melanoma, for example, recurrences 25 years after initial treatment have been reported.

And can we utilize can we take this property, this compound, this receptor, whatever it is that's controlling these anti tumor properties and apply it to cancer therapy in general?

So here's a tumor.

And I firmly believe that in the next 10 years Tumor Treating Fields will be a weapon available to doctors and patients for all of these most difficult to treat solid tumors.

Designing therapies to sustain a stable tumor mass rather than eradicate all cancer cells will require a strategy that looks beyond the immediate cytotoxic effects of any one treatment. Researchers will need to establish the mechanisms by which cancer cells achieve resistance and what it costs them.

We showed a few months ago we published the first study showing you can actually stop or reverse the progression of prostate cancer by making changes in diet and lifestyle, and 70 percent regression in the tumor growth, or inhibition of the tumor growth, compared to only nine percent in the control group.

We showed a few months ago we published the first study showing you can actually stop or reverse the progression of prostate cancer by making changes in diet and lifestyle, and 70 percent regression in the tumor growth, or inhibition of the tumor growth, compared to only nine percent in the control group.

Lung cancer is the leading form of cancer followed by breast cancer, skin cancer, stomach cancer and prostate cancer.

I have a brain tumor.

So first of all I thought, you know, Wouldn't it be favorable to cancer getting to skeletal muscle? And as well, cancer tumors require a process called angiogenesis, which is really, the tumor recruits the blood vessels to itself to supply itself with nutrients so it can grow.

Epigenetic processes that cause key anti cancer genes, such as the tumor suppressor P16, to be switched off could explain the increased prevalence of lung cancer. A recent study showed that a few years of smoking can have this effect, making smokers more susceptible to a variety of cancers.

Now the IBM Watson tumor solution scheme introduced by Chinese hospitals is developed by IBM and is being put into training by the Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, which ranks first in the US.

We have more trials planned for lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer.

So when you develop a cancerous cell in your breast, aromatase converts androgens into estrogens, and that estrogen turns on or promotes the growth of that cancer so that it turns into a tumor and spreads.

In this case, a one centimeter tumor.

We think the entire tumor is out.

Can you tell where the tumor is?

I have stomach cancer. Stomach cancer?

Tumor cells can travel through the blood vessels.

Maybe even find a tumor, in some cases.

But the MBI image shows that tumor much more clearly, as well as a second tumor, which profoundly influence that patient's surgical options.

We do know that metastasis is a very inefficient process, with most cancer cells that escape into the blood stream failing to form metastatic tumors in distant organs. Recent studies from both the laboratory and the clinic suggest that many cancer cells that leave the primary tumor may lodge themselves in new organs and go into a dormant state.

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