Iraq states that the stretch of coast impacted by the 1991 oil spills was not pristine before the oil spills.

They're very important in oil spills.

No one was interested in oil spills.

I spent two years there writing on oil spills.

Cesar Harada A novel idea for cleaning up oil spills

And I was the only one in the United States writing on oil spills.

Early journalists looked at these spills, and they said, This is a filthy industry.

And so they know now that they can use this strategy in future oil spills.

Iraq questions the alleged causal link between decreases in catches and the 1991 oil spills.

This is why these moments of these oil spills are so important.

There's oil spills, environmental disasters, water rights disputes, breakaway republics, famine, endangered species and global warming.

We tend to think of oil spills and mercury and we hear a lot about plastic these days.

The severity of the 1991 oil spills and the extent of the areas affected are well documented.

So the thing about water oil spills is that they are very politically galvanizing.

And her tribe has had to move three times in the last 10 years because of the oil spills.

Instead of industrial accidents like oil spills or the catastrophe in Bhopal, we find them, and we respond to them.

And so with all these crises, we have let's see ethnic and minority tensions we have chemical and nuclear spills, nuclear proliferation.

Tank washing gave rise to a huge number of small spills, and tanker accidents such as those involving the Torrey Canyon, Exxon Valdez, Metula, and St. Peter resulted in huge, concentrated spills. Blowouts were not infrequent, but most occurred on land or in shallow water, and most could be stopped relatively easily.

I mean, we've essentially been exporting oil spills when we import oil from places without tight environmental regulations.

Iraq asserts that Saudi Arabia has failed to demonstrate that the oil spills adversely affected fish and shrimp catches or fish stocks.

Hence it would be advisable to consider sites in areas not directly affected by the oil spills from the invasion and occupation.

The platform where that accident happened, called Ixtoc 1, was operated by Pemex, the state owned Mexican oil company. The two accidents and the spills they caused have a number of similar features, although marine oil spills in general have profoundly changed in character in the three decades between the two events.

No reports were made regarding major DDT incidents, such as production or road accidents and spills, resulting in human exposures to and or environmental contamination.

One of the things that happened with the two previous oil spills was that we really worked on some of the symptoms.

And we can wrap our heads around the spills, because that's what we see here, but in fact, these guys actually live in a war zone.

Iraq states that Iran has not provided sufficient proof that the alleged decrease in shrimp catches is due to the 1991 oil spills.

Iran submitted an analysis of satellite images used to track the movements of the oil spills and contaminants from the oil well fires from Kuwait to Iran.

Kuwait uses an integrated set of computer models to estimate oil contamination in marine areas from the oil spills and to calculate the associated losses of biomass.

Iran states that the oil spills resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait affected the marine habitats and marine organisms at the initial stages of their life cycle.

Saudi Arabia states that 97,450 birds and 93 marine mammals were killed, and turtle hatch rates suffered a 46 per cent reduction as a result of the oil spills.

Based on the results of this survey, Saudi Arabia states that impacts of the 1991 oil spills persist in near shore subtidal benthic environments.

Iraq notes that 70 per cent of the fishermen interviewed by Saudi Arabia indicated that they were not economically affected by the oil spills.

According to Iran, analyses and field observations undertaken by it provide a strong indication that some of the oil from the oil spills reached the coast of Iran.

Whereas natural disasters included floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, landslides and certain types of widely spreading infectious diseases, human induced disasters included explosions, armed conflicts, motor and aircraft accidents, chemical spills etc.

Pollutants from the oil well fires and damaged oil wells in Kuwait Oil spills into the Persian Gulf from pipelines, offshore terminals and tankers Influx of refugees into the territories of some of the Claimants Operations of military personnel and equipment Mines and other remnants of war and Exposure of the populations of the Claimants to pollutants from the oil well fires and oil spills in Kuwait and to hostilities and various acts of violence.

This estimate does not include the coastal oil trench and coastal oil deposit as contamination in those areas was not caused by invasion related oil spills modelled by OSCAR.

As the Panel stated in the first F4 report, there is evidence that the oil spills resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait contaminated some of Iran's marine environment.

Having considered the evidence submitted by Saudi Arabia for that claim, the Panel concluded that damage was caused by the oil spills resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

The Panel finds that, although there is evidence that parts of Iran's marine environment were exposed to the oil spills resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait, Iran has not provided sufficient evidence either to demonstrate the nature of the alleged long term damage to the marine environment and fisheries, or to show that any such damage is a direct result of the oil spills resulting from the invasion and occupation.

The fourth claim unit is for damage to or depletion of marine resources in Iran caused by The oil spills in the Persian Gulf and Pollutants from the oil well fires.

Kuwait states that its environment was damaged by tarcrete, dry oil lakes, wet oil lakes, oil contaminated piles and oil filled trenches, spills, military fortifications, open burning open detonation areas and wind blown sand.

According to Iraq, Kuwait's estimate of the magnitude of the loss is based on theoretical models and is not supported by any evidence of widespread marine organism deaths attributable to the oil spills.

Third claim unit Marine subtidal habitats Saudi Arabia states that, as a result of the oil spills resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait, damage was caused to its marine subtidal habitats.

This is a photograph from when I visited Prudhoe Bay in Alaska in 2002 to watch the Minerals Management Service testing their ability to burn oil spills in ice.

Fourth claim unit Wildlife resources Saudi Arabia seeks compensation in the amount of USD 127,165,335 for loss of marine and coastal wildlife caused by the oil spills resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.