This is called a cycle valve tube.

And this is how you make a valve.

This is actually a heart valve, which we engineered.

Does the color of the valve matter? What matters here?

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

Now that's a left ventricle pushing blood up through the aortic valve you can see two of the leaflets of the aortic valve working there up into the ascending aorta.

And the way you engineer this heart valve is the same strategy.

This is actually a heart valve that we've engineered, and you can see here, we have the structure of the heart valve and we've seeded that with cells, and then we exercise it.

So I've studied a lot about stem cells embryonic stem cells are particularly powerful.

It has a funny trilobal shape at the bottom, which contains the aortic valve.

Stem Cell Obscurantism

This is a stem cell that we've developed here in Oxford, from an embryonic stem cell.

That's all stem cells.

If we cannot use stem cells from your body then we'd like to use donor stem cells.

Plus we have stem cells.

The Stem Cell Race Continues

Adult stem cells are throughout our body, including the blood forming stem cells in our bone marrow, which we've been using as a form of stem cell therapy for over 40 years.

We've talked about stem cells tonight.

Because we all stem from Africa.

The main stem, the main flow of the glacier is coming from the right and it's going very rapidly up that stem.

These are female and male stem cells.

Next line of code make a stem.

It's a great source of stem cells.

You all know about embryonic stem cells.

Even trips to the dentist require that you take antibiotics, in case you get an internal infection on the valve.

People bring their own cooker, he attaches a valve and a steam pipe, and now he gives you espresso coffee.

And at that time, stem cell research had gained momentum, following the isolation of the world's first human embryonic stem cells in the 1990s.

And for those we still need stem cells.

But where is stem cell therapy really going?

Stem cells are packed in that liposuction fluid.

We can cut the stem tide the stem of this into our oceans and in doing so, save our oceans, save our planet, save ourselves.

We take the scaffold, we seed it with cells, and you can now see here, the valve leaflets opening and closing.

And I stumbled across something called cancer stem cells.

We also have adult stem cells throughout our body.

Its unique cool flow valve can efficiently discharge hot and damp exhaled breath from inside the respirator, allowing easier breathing for users.

Likewise, if you have the artificial valve option, you're committed to antibiotic therapy whenever you have any intrusive medical treatment at all.

And some of our investigative teams have demonstrated that female stem cells and this is in animals and increasingly we're showing this in humans that female stem cells, when put even into a male body, do better than male stem cells going into a male body.

So, the most beautiful thing I found at least what I think is the most beautiful in the book, is this heart valve.

So this is actually a Dutch company, so I called them up, and I asked, Can I borrow a heart valve from you?

Great and then I didn't hear from them for weeks, so I called, and I asked, What's going on with the heart valve?

And we're working a lot with the stem cells that we published on two years ago, stem cells from the amniotic fluid, and the placenta, which have those properties.

He turned the wrong valve when he filled his cylinder he had 80 percent oxygen in his tank when he should have had 40.

The low tech bit is that it's literally a pig's heart valve mounted in the high tech bit, which is a memory metal casing.

But the moral controversy surrounding embryonic stem cells the fact that these cells are derived from five day old human embryos has encouraged research into other types of stem cells.