Women are also equal with men in shifting, transferring, inheriting, renting out, subcontracting and mortgaging land use right.

For its part, JIU has in the past several years issued two reports on outsourcing in the United Nations system, which however covered only one aspect of procurement, namely subcontracting of some functions to commercial service providers.

Beyond the rising number of unemployed and underemployed, conditions for many of the employed have been deteriorating as well in most countries, especially for workers with little education and few skills. Globally, casual labor, outsourcing, and job contracting and subcontracting are becoming the norm, weakening entitlements for workers and creating more job insecurity.

Global forum activities, including research to generate new data and analyses through surveys and pilot activities, tools such as the Computer Model for Feasibility Analysis and Reporting (COMFAR) and the investment project profile, and the establishment administration of networks and other platforms such as the Investment Promotion Agency (IPA) Network, ITPOs, and the Subcontracting and Partnership Exchange (SPX).

To this end, the Programme will focus on three broad categories of interventions capacity building in standards, metrology, testing and accreditation to overcome WTO constraints such as TBT SPS enhancing the competitiveness of Gulf enterprises through quality and productivity improvements, and supporting the development of mechanisms to assist them in accessing global subcontracting and supply chains and networks and investment and technology promotion.