Consequently, LDCs can now obtain important tariff preferences for a number of products.

Extensive negotiations are expected on the number of tariff bands, the criteria for setting such tariff bands and the modalities for reducing tariffs in each band.

Regarding tariff barriers, a number of products of export interest to developing countries remain subject to peak rates and tariff escalation in various markets (see box on peak tariffs).

Classification See page 16 (classification).

POST URUGUAY ROUND TARIFF PEAKS Even after the implementation of all Uruguay Round tariff concessions, a large number of peak tariffs remain in application in major developed and developing countries.

An increasing number of developing countries have requested assistance, particularly in developing lists of EGs and identifying tariff and non tariff barriers affecting trade in these goods, as well as considering possible negotiating modalities.

Classification

While many of them now have a low dispersion of tariffs with maximum levels of 20 per cent or less, there remain a number of countries with high average tariff levels and important tariff dispersion.

A thorough classification scheme is thus superior to generalizations about treaties based on the number of parties to them.

The current trend is quite evident companies world wide are facing a growing number of non tariff barriers to exports.

3 For example, the European Classification (NACE), the North American Classification (NAICS) and the Australia New Zealand Classification (ANZSIC).

Classification revisions

Current classification

New classification

While several of these tariff quotas do create new trading opportunities, a number lack dynamism or are limited in their use.

Non Tariff Barriers

II. TARIFF PEAKS

III. TARIFF ESCALATION

Tariff 1 ruble.

Tariff 1 ruble.

The study analyses the tariff situation for developing country exports and focuses on two major aspects (a) tariff peaks and (b) tariff escalation.

It was noted that numerous tariff and non tariff barriers remained, as well as tariff peaks and escalation, which affected developing countries exports.

In cases where export goods, to which export tariff rates are applicable are subject to temporary tariff rate, the temporary tariff rate shall apply.

It was also noted that numerous tariff and non tariff barriers remained, as well as tariff peaks and escalation, which affected developing countries exports.

This, however, was greatly undermined by commodity price volatility, tariff peaks and tariff escalations.

The Commission may wish to suggest ways to support the implementation of the new classification by a large number of countries.

The Expert Group provided advice with respect to a number of proposals for change to the classification canvassed in that paper.

Agriculture in the Central Product Classification, the International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities and the International Standard Classification of Occupations

Film classification system

Remove Ham Classification

(i) Professional classification

10. Job classification.

Classification of post

Figure 14 Average tariff

II. Tariff peaks 3

III. Tariff escalation 9

Price based on tariff.

Revise the activity (European Classification, Rev.1.1) and product classifications (Classification of Products by Activity) in accordance with changes in the International Standard Industry Classification of All Economic Activities and the Central Product Classification

In cases where imported goods, to which contractual tariff rate or preferential tariff rate is applicable are subject to temporary rate, the lower tariff rate shall apply.

NAMA It was recognized that all countries have a positive interest in seeking the reduction of tariff peaks and tariff escalation, as well as non tariff barriers.

Also, while tariff barriers were coming down, non tariff barriers were going up many times over.

4. However, significant non tariff and tariff barriers and high variance, with tariff peaks and tariff escalation, still affect a notable range of products and sectors, particularly ones of export interest to developing countries, including the least developed countries.

Formulas for tariff cutting under NAMA should be determined expeditiously so as to drastically reduce tariff peaks and tariff escalations, with adequate SDT made available to developing countries.

(c) Regulations and tariff structure

Tariff escalation will also decline.