By 2002, the world's top 30 retailers were active in 88 countries, nearly 70 per cent more than in 1997, and the overseas expansion of major retailers is constantly increasing.

China's small and medium sized retailers faced difficulties in competing with foreign retailers.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

Informal retailers could become the suppliers or the customers of formal retailers, or their franchises.

Eventually, they themselves become formal retailers.

The dominant market position of large retailers has been strengthened through cross border buying alliances among nominally independent retailers.

Retailers are distributors selling to end consumers.

Retailers have integrated backwards into wholesale operations, and producers have integrated forward, performing wholesale functions by distributing their products directly to retailers.

Monitoring of retailers could also be of value.

The retailers have kind of quashed this notion though.

So we've started roundtables where we bring together the entire value chain, from producers all the way to the retailers and brands.

All set, Major?

All right, Major.

Retailers operating internationally can also resort to so called transfer pricing.

Private grades and standards (G S) and private labels introduced by major retailers are proliferating and growing in importance, as they increasingly become instruments of product differentiation and market share and niche protection.

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Retailers could exercise their power in setting prices at the local level.

Further, the Commission's investigation established that Panamco Tica was lending refrigerators to retailers and attaching exclusivity clauses to the contracts, which required retailers to use the refrigerator for Coca Cola products exclusively.

On the contrary, most European top retailers have operations outside the home country.

in collaboration with retailers of foods and professionals who work with nutrition locally.

What's this all about, Major?

I'd put out feelers to retailers, to auctioneers, and it was coming up empty.

Foreign sales represent a significant share in total sales of the main European retailers.

All right, all right, come to the point, major.

We accept all major credit cards.

We toured all the major cities.

Not all countries have legislation prohibiting below cost selling, and large retailers can sustain controlled losses in certain product baskets in order to increase their market share.

The mature character of the industry in developed countries, characterized by high competition and low profitability, as well as domestic regulation restricting large store development and hindering growth in the domestic market, has encouraged international strategies by major retailers.

The distribution sector includes commission agents, wholesalers and retailers who act as enablers of trade.

Small retailers can, however, find niche markets, such as serving convenience needs and local tastes.

The Euro Retailer Produce Working Group (EUREP) is a European based trade organization for retailers.

Its membership consists of growers, product marketing organizations and growers' cooperatives, food manufacturers and retailers.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

No, Major, come in. It's all right.

That's all right, Major, I wasjust leaving,

The growth in concentration in retailing has also given rise to a number of concerns about anti competitive behaviour of major retailers vis à vis other competitors, and abuses of buyers' power with respect to suppliers of products and consumers.

In 2000, 70 per cent of the global top retailers already operated a transactional web site.

The top 100 retailers (see table 3) account for 25 per cent of worldwide retailing sales.

The liberalization of the distribution sector in China has implied benefits for example, the development of different distribution formats, including specialty stores, the enhancement of local marketing and managerial capacity, and the possibility for domestic manufacturers to enter the international supply chain of foreign retailers (95 per cent of the products distributed by foreign retailers in China are locally sourced and foreign retailers export Chinese products abroad).

All right, William, uh, telephone major Humphries's solicitors.

I need your trucks, Major. All of them.

Above all, Major Grau, not too much zeal.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

Retailers are able to access and tap different cost structures in different countries and are becoming global.