Table II. Initial national greenhouse gas inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources

Inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases

quot Net anthropogenic emissions quot of greenhouse gases is the calculated difference between emissions by sources and removals by sinks.

(e) Projection until around the middle of the twenty first century of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of CO2.

Inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases In accordance with Article 4, paragraph 1 (a), and Article 12, paragraph 1 (a), of the Convention, Parties provided information on their national inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removal by sinks of GHGs not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

Reductions in anthropogenic emissions by sources shall be adjusted for leakage in accordance with the provisions of appendix B for the relevant project categories.

quot Net anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases quot means the difference between anthropogenic emissions and anthropogenic sinks during the concrete period.

7.8 quot Net anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases quot means the difference between anthropogenic emissions and anthropogenic sinks during the concrete period.

Estimates for Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, shall be clearly distinguished from anthropogenic emissions from the sources listed in Annex A to the Kyoto Protocol.

Subsequent to the monitoring and reporting of reductions in anthropogenic emissions, CERs resulting from a CDM project activity during a specified time period shall be calculated, applying the registered methodology, by subtracting the actual anthropogenic emissions by sources from baseline emissions and adjusting for leakage.

Most notable is the fact that carbon dioxide, the major anthropogenic greenhouse gas, and many conventional air pollutants come from the same sources (burning of fossil fuels) and can thus be simultaneously addressed through mitigation of those sources.

Anthropogenic underwater noise pollution

Guidelines for national systems for the estimation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks under Article 5, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol

Reductions in anthropogenic emissions by sources shall be adjusted for leakage in accordance with the monitoring and verification provisions in paragraphs 59 and 62 (f) below, respectively.

Transportation is becoming one of the major sources of both anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and oil consumption, and exhibits high growth trends in almost all countries.

National systems should be designed and operated to support compliance with Kyoto Protocol commitments related to the estimation of anthropogenic GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks.

The baseline may include a scenario where future anthropogenic emissions by sources are projected to rise above current levels, due to the specific circumstances of the host Party.

To this end, it must draw up a National Plan for limiting and reducing anthropogenic emissions by sources and enhancing removal by sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases.

(b) A specific estimate of the effects that these policies, programmes and measures will have on anthropogenic emissions by its sources and removals by its sinks of greenhouse gases.

The certification report shall constitute a request for issuance to the Executive Board of CERs equal to the verified amount of reductions of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases.

Reaffirming that anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol should be reported in a transparent, consistent, comparable, complete and accurate way,

A CDM project activity is additional if anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity.

The project boundary shall encompass all anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases under the control of the project participants that are significant and reasonably attributable to the CDM project activity.

A CDM project activity is additional if anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases by sources are reduced below those that would have occurred in the absence of the registered CDM project activity.

Inventories 11. Article 12.1(a) requires that communications include a national inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

The baseline for a CDM project activity is the scenario that reasonably represents the anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases that would occur in the absence of the proposed project activity.

Leakage is defined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases which occurs outside the project boundary, and which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.

Certification is the written assurance by the designated operational entity that, during a specified time period, a project activity achieved the reductions in anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases as verified.

The baseline for a CDM project activity is the scenario that reasonably represents the anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases that would occur in the absence of the proposed project activity.

Leakage is defined as the net change of anthropogenic emissions by sources of greenhouse gases which occurs outside the project boundary, and which is measurable and attributable to the CDM project activity.

shall have in place by the first year of its first budget period a national system for the accurate measurement of anthropogenic emissions by sources, and removals by sinks, of greenhouse gases.

Methane CH4 is emitted into the atmosphere from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources such as natural wetlands, rice patties, fermentation processes in animals, biomass burning, natural gas production and landfills.

II. INVENTORIES OF ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS AND REMOVALS

III. POLICIES AND MEASURES TO LIMIT ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS

Subsequent to the monitoring and reporting of reductions in anthropogenic emissions, CERs resulting from a small scale CDM project activity during a specified time period shall be calculated, applying the registered methodology, by subtracting the actual anthropogenic emissions by sources from baseline emissions, and adjusting for leakage, as appropriate, in accordance with appendix B for the relevant project category.

Type (iii) project activities other project activities that both reduce anthropogenic emissions by sources and directly emit less than 15 kilotonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent annually (decision 17 CP.7, paragraph 6 (c) (iii))

4. Inventories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals

Consistent with paragraph 18 of these reporting guidelines, each Annex I Party shall communicate a national inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

Each Party included in Annex I to the Convention shall select one of the following two quantified limitation and reduction objectives for its anthropogenic CO2 emission by sources within the specified time frames set out below

The guidelines for national systems for the estimation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks under Article 5, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol are referred to herein as guidelines for national systems .

Once land is accounted for under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources from and removals by sinks on this land must be accounted for throughout subsequent and contiguous commitment periods.

A detailed description of the national system for the accurate estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol it has established pursuant to Article 4

Table 2. Summary of projections of anthropogenic emissions of CO2

The guidelines for national systems for the estimation of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks under Article 5, paragraph 1, of the Kyoto Protocol are referred to as guidelines for national systems in the present annex.

Acknowledging the importance of updating national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol and the importance of measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change,