Of course, there is no theoretical limit on divergence. The problem is that exchange rate shifts now represent the only mechanism for reconciliation, and the divide between certain market valuations and their fundamentals has become so large that prices are vulnerable to bouts of volatility.

(e) Price volatility

Where Did Market Volatility Go?

Children (and adults) living with HIV AIDS, because of their weakened immune systems, are especially susceptible to the debilitating effects of persistent bouts of diarrhoea.

They should also mitigate the impact of the excessive volatility of financial markets.

Security problems and disruptions in production also increased price volatility.

(iv) Initiate measures that mitigate the impact of excessive volatility of short term capital flows.

ECLAC has continued to carry out analytical and technical cooperation work regarding factors that promote growth and reduce volatility, i.e., the pronounced volatility of the business cycles of its member countries which has undermined their economies' ability to achieve sustained growth.

Political tensions surged again during the 2003 presidential election, which concluded peacefully following bouts of violence and fears of fraud aroused by the candidacy of former military ruler Efraín Ríos Montt.

The aim should be to avoid volatility and to ensure stability and fairness.

Lost in all of the hype was the fact that neither markets nor financial analysts were terribly perturbed about excessive exchange rate volatility or the possibility of an actual currency war. After the autumn of 2008, exchange rate volatility slowly receded toward pre crisis levels.

In that regard, analyses of volatility experienced in the past by some countries, e.g. in Latin America and the Caribbean region, show that while domestic liberalization was accompanied by international liberalization, macroeconomic stability has suffered several episodes of crisis led by volatility in capital flows.

Speaking of risk, we have seen that price volatility of food crops in Africa is the highest in the world.

Diarrhoea morbidity rates are increasing children in developing countries average four to five debilitating bouts of diarrhoea per year, which can cause and exacerbate malnutrition and result in long term growth stunting.

He noted the continuing insecurity, the political and military volatility, mounting ethnic intolerance and the fragility of the transition process.

Concerned about the excessive volatility of speculative short term capital flows and the contagion effects in financial markets in times of crisis,

In particular, the volatility of food and commodity prices, including petroleum prices, is seriously denting the financing capacity of many poor countries.

So, what policies must emerging Asian economies pursue to reduce their vulnerability to regional and global volatility?

Multi year financing frameworks7 were designed, inter alia, to reduce the volatility of voluntary contributions to the largest programmes and funds.

Producing countries have also tried to contain price volatility by forming international cartels. But these have seldom worked.

Recent global economic trends called for major policy initiatives, for example for export diversification, investment in infrastructure and control of price volatility.

That is the nature of the behavioral response to crisis and why a bad status quo can persist. But leaving the system unchanged will maintain the global economy s vulnerability to future bouts of speculation that we cannot afford.

Despite considerable volatility on the domestic political scene, the international agenda in Bosnia and Herzegovina remained consistent over the first half of 2005.

UNCTAD is also actively working on issues related to the impact of oil price volatility on African oil importing and oil exporting countries.

Thus, large banks are likely to continue to hold too little capital and to take excessive risks, raising the prospect of renewed bouts of financial instability. In order to overcome these shortcomings in international banking regulations, three remedies are needed.

SEC said that these tweets actually had no evidences and the volatility in market triggered by them had hurt investors.

There has been a continued increase in the costly build up of precautionary reserves as a form of self insurance against volatility in international capital flows.

It doesn t anymore. And today s lack of clarity has become a major contributor to market volatility the last place the Fed should want to be.

The alternative is an Asia left to its own devices and an Asian century that is dominated by China or characterized by frequent bouts of diplomatic tension or even conflict. Few in Asia or beyond would benefit from such a future.

Indeed, the main question for 2007 is whether macroeconomic volatility will continue to decline, fueling another spectacular year for markets and housing, or start to rise again, perhaps due to growing geopolitical tensions. I lean slightly toward the optimistic scenario, but investors and policymakers alike need to understand the ramifications of a return to more normal volatility levels.

Banks and investors consider them to be high risk due to their limited assets, low level or lack of collateral, lack of business history and market volatility.

UNOPS management proposes to work out a strategy to address the fundamental problems of income volatility and high fixed costs that characterize the existing organizational arrangements.

Keynes demonstrated that the main cause of bouts of heavy and prolonged unemployment was not worker encroachment on profits, but the fluctuating prospects of private investment in an uncertain world. Nearly all unemployment in a cyclical downturn was the result of the failure of investment demand.

This year, Beijing has experienced repeated bouts of severe air pollution, with two smog red alerts having been issued this month. When I visited Beijing in 2005, immediately after the commemorations of the 60th anniversary of the end of World War II, the sky was clear.

Two hundred years of breathtaking innovation since the dawn of the industrial age have produced rising living standards for ordinary people in much of the world, with no sharply rising trend for unemployment. Yes, there have been many problems, notably bouts of staggering inequality and increasingly horrific wars.

Whatever the scenario that ends the calm, today s age of low volatility will seem like a distant dream to most of us and a forgotten nightmare for ambitious financial traders.

That said, in such a complex environment, investors can be expected to reach widely disparate conclusions, which will sustain if not increase market volatility.

It would seem that bid offer spreads are falling, which we might regard as positive. But volatility has risen, as has cross market contagion.

Country case studies (mainly in Andean and Central American countries) will provide details on countries' characteristics in terms of economic growth, volatility and reaction to economic and financial crises.

10. Reiterates that measures to mitigate the impact of excessive volatility of short term capital flows and to improve transparency of and information about financial flows are important and must be considered

13. Reiterates that measures to mitigate the impact of excessive volatility of short term capital flows and to improve transparency of and information about financial flows are important and must be considered

Venezuela also boasted one of the region s most vibrant civil societies, with some of its freest and most vigorous media. With the exception of the Caracazo a wave of protests against free market reforms in 1989 that resulted in an estimated 3,000 deaths there were only minor bouts of repression.

For example, it was suggested that the Commission should reconsider draft articles 12 and 13 to take into account the volatility of the status of shareholders in the modern international economy.

If the global economy remains on its current trajectory, a period of intense volatility could destabilize a number of emerging economies, while undermining development efforts worldwide. That s why policymakers must act now.

Foreign capital inflows would allow them to draw on the savings of rich countries, increase their investment rates, and stimulate growth. In addition, financial globalization would allow poor nations to smooth out the boom and bust cycles associated with temporary terms of trade shocks and other bouts of bad luck.