Even if the cargo owner chooses to bring a single action against the carrier alone, the carrier may wish to seek contribution or indemnity from a negligent performing party.

For example, article 26 it is necessary to make a distinction between containerized cargo and other cargo, because of the fact that the carrier may carry the former type of cargo on deck without a specific agreement with the shipper.

(h) On 11 August 2004, the Soyuz U carrier rocket with the Progress M 50 cargo vehicle was launched from Baikonur.

(j) On 24 December 2004, a Soyuz carrier rocket with the Progress M 51 cargo spacecraft was launched to the ISS from Baikonur.

It was reiterated that in the case of major incidents involving a high number of cargo claims, the carrier could be potentially sued in numerous jurisdictions.

Other jurisdictions rely on the act or omission of the shipper' exception in order to relieve the carrier from the consequences of improper stowage of the cargo.

Thus the cargo owner will wish to claim against both the carrier, which is contractually liable, and the performing party, which is liable for the damage that it actually caused.

It was suggested that small claims are usually handled locally, regardless of jurisdiction clauses, and that larger claims are often dealt with on both the cargo and carrier side on a non local basis by insurers.

Proposed paragraph 1 reflected the one way mandatory approach agreed upon with respect to the carrier, and paragraph 2 reflected a more nuanced approach to the obligations of cargo interests for further discussion by the Working Group.

They verify the authenticity of documents submitted and inspect suspicious cargo, including cargo in transit.

From this fleet, 5 fixed wing aircraft (2 heavy cargo and 3 medium STOL cargo passenger aircraft) and 15 helicopters (1 heavy cargo and 14 long range cargo passenger helicopters) would be used to provide the dedicated support for elections.

Like its predecessor in A CN.9 WG.III WP.32, proposed redraft article 88 dealt with the mandatory provisions of the draft instrument, dividing the issue into paragraph 1, concerning the carrier and maritime performing party, and paragraph 2, regarding cargo interests.

1. If the cargo claimant institutes actions in solidum against the contracting carrier and the maritime performing party, this must be done in one of the places mentioned in article 72 bis, where actions can be instituted against the maritime performing party.

(i) Carrier

Advance Cargo Information System (ACIS)

45 to 51). It was thought that, since the proposed redraft of article 88 (1) set out mandatory provisions with respect to the carrier and the maritime performing party, in order to be consistent, the draft instrument should also provide mandatory provisions regarding cargo interests.

It was suggested that it would be difficult to support an exclusive jurisdiction clause that might allow the carrier in some situations to dictate jurisdiction, particularly where a remote geographic location and the costs of litigating disputes could put cargo interests at a disadvantage.

Freight forwarders may thus be both carrier (vis à vis the smaller shipper) and shipper (vis à vis a unimodal carrier, such as a sea carrier).

As previously noted, paragraph 1 of draft article 88 dealt with the mandatory provisions of the draft instrument regarding the carrier and the maritime performing party, and paragraph 2 of draft article 88 concerned the mandatory provisions of the draft instrument with respect to cargo interests.

Recent deployments of SDS have provided valuable lessons in cargo management in terms of stuffing, marking, dispatching and security of containerized cargo.

The cargo ship arrived four hours early.

Although the carrier would prefer never to be sued at all (or, barring that, to be sued only in the place designated in a forum selection clause, cf. supra note 2), if the carrier is going to be sued in the claimant's jurisdiction it would generally prefer to be sued at the port through which the goods passed rather than at the inland location in which an agent collected or delivered the cargo.

If it is the intention of the parties that the clause makes the cargo side responsible for loading, stowage or discharging, a carrier may be relieved from liability for the consequences of improper stowage, but only within the scope of the liability system outlined in article 17 (previously 14).

The robots can be used for transporting cargo.

The advantage to the cargo interests is obvious.

There was an exchange of views regarding the appropriate person to institute an action under draft article 72, given the decision in the previous session of the Working Group that this article should be limited to actions by the cargo claimant against the contracting carrier (see A CN.9 572, para.

Owing to the high volume of cargo and following the policy of expediting foreign trade, customs inspection rate for trans shipments cargo are very low.

And his wife the firewood carrier.

And his wife the firewood carrier.

And his wife, the wood carrier,

And his wife, the wood carrier,

Article 75. Actions against the carrier

All high value cargo will be kept in containers.

By establishing minimum levels of liability, which apply mandatorily and may not be contractually modified, existing liability regimes seek to ensure the protection of cargo interests with little bargaining power, i.e. small shippers and third party consignees, against unfair contract terms unilaterally introduced by the carrier in its standard terms of contract.

As has been pointed out at the outset, by establishing mandatory minimum levels of liability, existing liability regimes seek to ensure the protection of cargo interests with little bargaining power, i.e. small shippers and third party consignees, against unfair contract terms unilaterally introduced by the carrier in its standard terms of contract.

2. If the carrier or maritime performing party institutes an action under this instrument against the shipper or other cargo interest, then the claimant, at the petition of the defendant, must remove the action to one of the places referred to in articles 72 or 72 bis, at the choice of the defendant.

It was suggested that clarification was needed with respect to the possibility for the carrier to bring an action for declaratory relief in one of the jurisdictions established by the connecting factors under draft article 72, and for the cargo claimant to demand removal of such action to another of these jurisdictions.

It may be that the controlling party does not establish contact with the carrier and or cannot be traced by the carrier.

And his wife also the firewood carrier

And his wife also the firewood carrier

and his wife too , the firewood carrier,

and his wife too , the firewood carrier,

(a) Between the carrier and the shipper

Multiple rocket launchers (MRL) 155 mm bomblet cargo shells (OGR)

Practical factors in support of this proposal included that the ports were often the only place that the cargo interest could sue both the contracting carrier and the performing party, and that the witnesses and documents were also most likely to be concentrated in the ports, where the damage was most likely to occur.