Conventional wisdom suggests that the optimal organizational fine is as much as three times the actual gain from the cartel.

The optimal fine for this purpose is a multiple of the actual gain, because not every cartel is discovered and prosecuted, a factor that businesspeople take into account in deciding whether to engage in a cartel.

Cartel operators, especially unsophisticated ones, may make public statements that betray cartel activity.

Hungary Cartel in the fertilizer industry

You know what a cartel is?

Hungary Cartel in the fertilizer industry 8

Lessons for the future how to improve anti cartel enforcement in developing countries and other countries beginning an anti cartel effort

The infringement, carried out as part of an international cartel, was the longest operating cartel in Hungary, lasting from 1991 until 2003.

Argentina Cartel in the medical oxygen supply market

Complainants usually do not possess enough evidence to prove that a cartel exists, but without their initiative, many cartel prosecutions would never begin.

For most countries there is one most effective tool available to the cartel prosecutor the dawn raid, or unannounced visit to the offices of suspected cartel operators for the purpose of seizing documentary or electronic evidence of a cartel agreement.

Argentina Cartel in the medical oxygen supply market 4

Previously, a cement cartel had been fined EUR 10,000,000.

See ICN Working Group on Cartels, Defining Hard Core Cartel Conduct Effective Institutions Effective Penalties , in Building Blocks For Effective Anti Cartel Regime, vol. 1.

As a result of the cartel, hospitals and consumers were charged high prices for the medical oxygen and the cartel members enjoyed illegally acquired high profits.

Begin to impose strong sanctions against cartel conduct. As was noted above, an indispensable element of a successful anti cartel programme is an aggressive sanctioning policy.

Fine, fine.

Fine, fine.

Fine, fine.

Fine, fine.

Fine, fine.

Fine, fine.

Fine. Fine.

Cartel cases are much more persuasive if they contain direct evidence of agreement involving the cartel participants, and evidence that the participants knew that their conduct was unlawful.

Fine, that's fine.

Fine. Fine. Swell.

Fine, Ritt! Fine!

Fine, just fine.

Fine, just fine.

Fine, just fine.

Fine. Just fine.

Fine. Just fine.

Fine, fine American.

Fine. I'm fine.

Oh, fine, fine.

Fine, Sister, fine.

Brazil has sharply increased its anti cartel enforcement in recent years.

Recently there has been some increase in anti cartel activity, however.

How does a robust competition culture support successful anti cartel enforcement?

That's fine, Davis. Fine.

It's fine, it's fine.

Fine. Fine. Looks great.

Fine. Just fine, thanks.

It's fine, it's fine.

It's fine, it's fine...