The appropriate role of residual insecticides for disease vector control

Evaluation of the continued need for DDT for disease vector control

3.2 Trends in the use of DDT for Disease Vector Control

Summary of current WHO Recommendations regarding DDT and disease vector control

7.2 The use of DDT and alternatives for disease vector control

Situation analysis of the production and use of DDT for disease vector control

the Conference of the Parties in evaluating the continued need for DDT for disease vector control

The selection of malaria vector control interventions should be evidence based and appropriate to the local ecology and epidemiology of the vector borne disease.

The WHO position with respect to the use of DDT in activities aimed at disease vector control to interrupt disease transmission is as follows.

Of the responding countries, eight reported use of DDT for disease vector control for the reporting period (2001 2003).

The efficacy of DDT and its alternatives is important information for deciding the actual need for DDT for disease vector control in any local area.

Insecticide resistance has grave implications for vector control.

According to the DDT register, three countries have notified use of DDT in disease vector control and one country notified the intention to use DDT if necessary.

In addition, there is a need to strengthen the capacity of countries in gathering and managing relevant data, including the routine reporting activities of disease vector control programmes.

Integrated disease control

The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) restricts the production and use of DDT to disease vector control in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and guidelines.

The embargo has also affected vector vigilance and control activities.

Disease Prevention and Control

Disease prevention and control

Research on disease vectors, particularly on mosquitoes, is undertaken in a closely coordinated effort with the World Health Organization Africa Regional Office (WHO AFRO) and other organizations in which an integrated vector management (IVM) initiative plays centre stage in disease control.

In paragraph 3 of decision INC 7 2, the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee requested the Secretariat, in cooperation with the World Health Organization, to develop a modified format for reporting by Parities that use DDT for disease vector control and a questionnaire for reporting on other information relevant to the evaluation of the continued need for disease vector control pursuant to paragraph 6 of part II of Annex B of the Convention.

Furthermore, the system will also be used to facilitate the reporting and the evaluation processes of the Stockholm Convention regarding the use and continued need for DDT in disease vector control.

41. Disease prevention and control.

43. Disease prevention and control.

(e) Conduct of a meeting of experts to consider available information and provide a report to the Conference of the Parties on the continued need for DDT use in disease vector control

In this regard, it is recommended that a well resourced mechanism for reporting and assessment on DDT use for disease vector control, be set up under the auspices of the Secretariat and WHO.

The Economic Benefits of Disease Control

WHO SSC meeting of experts for the preparation of a report to assist the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention in its evaluation of the continued need for DDT in disease vector control

The Center for Disease Control in the U.S.

Vector control for malaria and other mosquito borne diseases Report of a WHO Study Group.

This was carried out with due consideration of document UNEP POPS INC.7 INF 21 regarding the guidance and information needed to assist the Conference of Parties in evaluating continued need for DDT for disease vector control.

In considering the above options COP is reminded of documents INC7 4 and INC7 INF 21 regarding the guidance and information needed to assist the Conference of Parties in evaluating continued need for DDT for disease vector control.

DDT may therefore be used for vector control, provided that all the following conditions are met

Communicable Disease Control Emergency Preparedness and Response Canadian Public Health Laboratory Surveillance and Information Non Communicable Disease and Injury Prevention and Control and Health Promotion.

It fosters the involvement of principal stakeholders, especially local communities and those public sectors whose actions impact vector ecology and disease transmission.

In order to ensure that the use of DDT is restricted to disease vector control, there is a need to support countries still using DDT to urgently review and improve their management practices, especially the regulatory and enforcement mechanisms.

1 It is expected that the second evaluation of the continued need for DDT in disease vector control will take place at the third meeting of the Conference of Parties in 2007 since no meeting is planned in 2008.

Vector control programmes continue to face significant resource constraints, which tend to undermine the quality of interventions.

(d) Field testing of the draft format for country reporting on DDT and for evaluation of the continued need for DDT for disease vector control in cooperation with the World Health Organization (WHO), including conducting an expert consultation on the latter

(c) Invite the World Health Organization to participate actively in the work referred to above and in any other manner that may support the Conference of the Parties in future evaluations of the continued need for DDT for disease vector control.

From other information available to the Secretariat and WHO, the group estimates that in total around 20 countries are still using DDT for disease vector control and five countries have indicated to WHO the likelihood to revert to it if necessary.

The negotiation process for the Stockholm Convention on POPs, particularly the debate over the use of DDT for disease vector control, was instrumental in accelerating the evolution in the use of IVM as a centrepiece for efforts to promote DDT alternatives.

Conducive conditions are also created for effective regulation to minimize prevent the private sector's role in creating conditions that support vector borne disease transmission.

Ongoing decentralization and the attendant administrative reforms have created significant challenges to effective implementation of vector control programs.

Related to this, the GEF supported regional projects, which are described elsewhere in this report (section 5.2.2), provide additional opportunities Vector control needs assessment tools have been developed and will be used by countries for comprehensive evaluation (essentially an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by the vector control programme) and the development of specific action plans on DDT and vector control, as part of the overall NIPs.