(domestic currency)

Borrowing in domestic currency avoids the risks associated with currency mismatches and pro cyclical foreign capital flows.

Interest rates had decreased significantly for domestic and foreign currency.

Assumptions on exchange rates between the domestic currency and the United States dollar

Those reserves consisted of four times the volume of currency in circulation, which was important to protect against speculative attacks on the domestic currency.

The task required improvements to the domestic financial structure and the ability to develop suitable investment instruments and to issue significant amounts of domestic currency debt.

Asymmetries in currency markets are a particularly important aspect of economic power, since they underlie global trade and financial markets. By limiting the convertibility of its currency, China is avoiding currency markets ability to discipline domestic economic decisions.

Finally, for all the talk today of the discipline that the gold standard supposedly provided, countries that adhered to it regularly suspended convertibility meaning that the domestic currency could no longer be converted freely into gold. But today s Europeans have no domestic currency just the euro.

With regard to global financial integration, stronger regulations were needed for domestic macroeconomic, financial and currency policy in order to lower the risks of financial and currency crises in developing and transition countries.

(b) The split between domestic and overseas investments and the regional allocation within the overseas portfolio and the associated currency decisions

Poverty increased, the currency suffered repeated devaluations, foreign and domestic debt registered an increase and the growth rate of the economy fell.

Although the role of monetary policy in demand management is limited when a national currency is pegged to a currency such as the dollar, its indirect effect of creating healthy domestic demand could be observed in 2004.

However, the ability to tap into domestic savings and issue bonds in national currency reduces exposure to abrupt changes in foreign investors' confidence.

The combination of reduced import demand and increased domestic investment suggests that imports may have been constrained through trade policy measures or currency devaluations.

A deeper and more efficient financial sector would also reduce transaction costs and facilitate risk management. Local currency bond markets could help to develop domestic investor bases and mobilize domestic savings to support long term investments.

The standard way to buffer the effects of austerity is to marry domestic cuts to devaluation of the currency. Devaluation renders exports more competitive, thus substituting external demand for the domestic demand that is being compressed.

Third, portfolio managers respond to a rise in interest rates by shifting out of commodity contracts (which are now an asset class ) and into treasury bills. Finally, high interest rates strengthen the domestic currency, thereby reducing the price of internationally traded commodities in domestic terms (even if the price has not fallen in foreign currency terms).

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Yes. Or it could also mean that economists baseline model of the international economy especially the assumption of uncovered interest parity, which holds that foreign interest income expressed in the domestic currency should equal the domestic interest rate is simply wrong.

Foreign currency became scarce and a liquidity problem developed, leading the Government to liberalize foreign investment limits and ease access of domestic non financial firms to foreign credit.

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Ownership of currency is generally proven through possession of the currency.

There may be a legal rationale for this neo imperial elitism. The so called C 6 might argue that, given their price stability mandate, only central banks of countries whose economic fate might destabilize domestic prices should receive privileged access to domestic currency.