37. Unrestricted competition often had severe repercussions on domestic industries.

(c) Removing protection for domestic coal producers and national electricity supply industries.

The need to consult domestic industries regarding this paragraph was expressed during the discussion.

(i) This could involve removing protection for domestic coal producers and national electricity supply industries

The latter are usually the modern manufacturing industries which produce for export rather than for the domestic market.

The reduction of taxes on daily consumer goods directly benefits the consumers and promotes the competitiveness of domestic industries.

To a large extent, therefore, domestic reforms are also necessary to increase the competitiveness of these economies manufacturing industries.

In some markets, the trade distorting effects of subsidies to domestic industries also act as access barriers in the energy sector.

The growth of OFDI had increased domestic production through reallocation of resources instead of hollowing out of domestic industries, which has a positive impact on the economy of the Republic of Korea.

Yet another approach is to identify gaps in domestic industries, and to target foreign firms which could complement domestic firms through backward and forward linkages, thereby strengthening national technological capabilities and production capacities.

Participants considered that the expansion of national steel industries in developing countries was likely in most cases to be based on domestic markets.

30. Unquestionably, protection of domestic industry in many sub Saharan countries used to be excessive and did not always succeed in promoting infant industries.

In many growing Asian markets, including the Republic of Korea, Taiwan Province of China, Thailand and the Philippines, high tariffs are used to protect domestic industries.

Manufacturing industries

Manufacturing industries

F. Industries

More aggressive targeting strategies focus on footloose industries and sunset industries.

A distinction needs to be drawn between growth industries and livelihood industries.

and Netting Industries Formerly Federation of Western European Rope and Twine Industries.

In the absence of necessary and sufficient disciplines, a risk exists that technical regulations and standards could be abused and adopted and applied solely to protect domestic industries.

Bita Industries, Jordan

The government planned to liberalize interest rates and the capital account to encourage investment in modern, high value industries, rather than continue to subsidize low value exports. It started to shift the economy s base from export oriented industries to domestic growth, and from manufacturing to services.

In the Uruguay Round Agreements, developed countries in particular have been reluctant to increase market access in order to protect their domestic industries, some of which are high cost.

This was the case even in industries with substantial economies of scale based in countries with small domestic markets, as this pressured local firms to expand on world markets.

a Includes food industries.

Manufacturing industries and construction

SSA industries had originally been established to supply domestic markets behind protective barriers because of low productivity and inadequate know how they were never in a position to compete internationally.

27. The representative of Thailand said that his Government had created a competitive environment by reducing protection of domestic industries, relaxing import controls and bringing down the levels of customs duties.

Service Module 5 Agro industries

(b) Women in agro industries

(e) Strengthening pharmaceutical policies and practices, including those applicable to generic drugs and intellectual property regimes, in order to further promote innovation and the development of domestic industries consistent with international law

General description The competitiveness surveys will help the Government, the private sector and knowledge institutions to diagnose and benchmark the competitive performances of their domestic industries at global, regional and sectoral levels.

OFDI by Indian manufacturing SMEs is visible in low technology intensive industries and in high technology intensive industries.

Cross sectoral Energy and transformation industries

Fuel combustion energy and transformation industries

MMTC v. Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd.

Industries of the European Economic Community

Escalating tariffs provide additional protection to domestic processing industries allowing them to produce at higher than international costs, and hence to increase artificially their value added as compared to that of efficient international competitors.

A comparison of mark up ratios for 36 manufacturing industries in 14 OECD countries found that the level of mark ups for 1970 1992 was substantially lower in unconcentrated industries than in concentrated industries.

The development of software industries in India, the success of small scale fashion industries in Hong Kong and in the Emilia Romagna region of Italy, as well as the flourishing machine tool sector in Taiwan Province of China, are examples where SMEs have broken new ground and demonstrated their competitiveness in both domestic and international markets.

The WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM), permits generic subsidies (available to all industries) and prohibits export subsidies and subsidies contingent on the use of domestic merchandise that are granted to specific sectors.

are being transformed from traditional manufacturing industries.

But what is doing with gun industries?

It's called the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative.

(f) Development of agro industries and textiles