But to take baby steps to get there, first of all we want to look at drug design and production, or drug discovery and manufacturing.

So if you're in drug discovery, for example, you can go through an entire listing of what the genome has on offer to find perhaps better drug targets and optimize.

In Afghanistan, demand reduction results included new research, local surveys and studies on the extent and patterns of local drug abuse and training of Afghan officials on drug abuse prevention and problem drug use.

What this research taught us not just my lab, but our institute, and Harvard Medical School more generally is that we have unique resources in academia for drug discovery that our center that has tested perhaps more cancer molecules in a scientific way than any other, never made one of its own.

Beyond avoidable suffering and death, failure to report research also slows the pace of scientific discovery. It is widely acknowledged that the high current level of investment in pharmaceutical research is yielding too few substantive discoveries.

Two important new research initiatives were launched during the period an investigation into the value of illicit drug markets and the development of a global illicit drug index.

For all the reasons you see listed here, we think there's a great opportunity for academic centers to participate in this earliest, conceptually tricky and creative discipline of prototype drug discovery.

All research into the universe and the physical world struggles to achieve a complete understanding. In that sense, we are in perpetual crisis and at the threshold of discovery.

A discovery is made, that discovery is instantly seen in the command center a second later.

Tremendous and beautiful discovery.

What about scientific discovery?

This discovery is transforming.

This is a fascinating research from WHO that shows the effect of generic drugs on anti retroviral drug compounds and cocktails.

The objective of research and analysis is to assist Member States in assessing and monitoring the world's drug and crime problems.

So that was a discovery.

And these await our discovery.

David Carson on design discovery

That discovery was quite accidental.

He made an important discovery.

And really this is the fourth of these molecules to kind of graduate from our little pipeline of drug discovery, two of which a topical drug for lymphoma of the skin, an oral substance for the treatment of multiple myeloma will actually come to the bedside for first clinical trial in July of this year.

So, it was an accidental discovery.

For me it was a new discovery.

Anagnorisis is the Greek word for discovery.

It's a slow, deliberative process of discovery.

This discovery will be recorded in history.

The first is if anything is unique about this research, it's less the science than the strategy that this for us was a social experiment, an experiment in what would happen if we were as open and honest at the earliest phase of discovery chemistry research as we could be.

In June 2005, the Office launched the World Drug Report 2005, which incorporated two new research initiatives the establishment of standardized indicators on the evolution of the global drug problem and a methodology for calculating the proceeds of the global illicit drug markets, the value of which is estimated at 322 billion.

I feel like the privilege I've had as a curator is not just the discovery of new works, the discovery of exciting works.

While this system does provide incentives for certain kinds of research by making innovation profitable, it allows drug companies to drive up prices, and the incentives do not necessarily correspond to social returns. In the health care sector, it may be more profitable to devote research to a me too drug than to the development of a treatment that really makes a difference.

Genetic research, in particular, must be free to find new models to explain, and enhance, twenty first century scientific discovery. Today, Darwin s theory of evolution is more a hindrance than a help, because it has become a quasi theological creed that is preventing the benefits of improved research from being fully realized.

Barbara Bradfield, one of the original subjects in research trials for the pharmacogenetic cancer drug Herceptin, has now been stable on the drug for more than 20 years. But such success stories are far too rare to constitute a golden age of genetics.

The process of discovery, generally, is inspired by nature.

One discovery was that wild Bonobos often walk bidpedally.

Let me share with you today an original discovery.

Metaphor matters because it opens the door to discovery.

Efforts are underway to research, manufacture, and distribute experimental drugs that could treat the disease. But until now drug companies had largely ignored Ebola, because there appeared to be little profit in developing a drug for populations that could not afford to pay for it.

For example, there are highly de centralized ethics committees with varied qualities to protect human subjects. The EU directive does not regulate social and behavioral research while the US. does not regulate research that is privately funded and not related to drug licensing.

(a) Research and analytical work to increase knowledge and understanding of drug, crime and terrorism issues and to expand the evidence base for making policy and operational decisions

The drug abuse problem in the region was addressed in several ways (a) research on drug abuse in several Andean and Southern Cone countries together with the Inter American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CTCAD) of the Organization of American States (b) school based prevention programmes in Bolivia, Costa Rica and Peru (c) drug injecting HIV AIDS prevention in Brazil and Southern Cone countries and (d) a network of treatment and rehabilitation centres in Central America.

That's the beginning of desire, that exploratory needs curiosity, discovery.

And Joyce said that mistakes are the portals of discovery.

And that s really what discovery and imagination is all about.

A description of the methodology and the work in progress was included in the World Drug Report, 2005 but further refinement and research will be undertaken on the index.

The Office also started a two year multi city study of quantities and financing of illicit drug consumption in collaboration with the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research.

This has led to an increase in pre competitive and other forms of collaboration to access external innovation and tackle the bottlenecks in drug discovery and development. But pharmaceutical companies continue to hold assumptions about the boundaries of pre competitive collaboration that need to be challenged.