In Afghanistan, demand reduction results included new research, local surveys and studies on the extent and patterns of local drug abuse and training of Afghan officials on drug abuse prevention and problem drug use.

Two important new research initiatives were launched during the period an investigation into the value of illicit drug markets and the development of a global illicit drug index.

This is a fascinating research from WHO that shows the effect of generic drugs on anti retroviral drug compounds and cocktails.

The objective of research and analysis is to assist Member States in assessing and monitoring the world's drug and crime problems.

In June 2005, the Office launched the World Drug Report 2005, which incorporated two new research initiatives the establishment of standardized indicators on the evolution of the global drug problem and a methodology for calculating the proceeds of the global illicit drug markets, the value of which is estimated at 322 billion.

While this system does provide incentives for certain kinds of research by making innovation profitable, it allows drug companies to drive up prices, and the incentives do not necessarily correspond to social returns. In the health care sector, it may be more profitable to devote research to a me too drug than to the development of a treatment that really makes a difference.

Barbara Bradfield, one of the original subjects in research trials for the pharmacogenetic cancer drug Herceptin, has now been stable on the drug for more than 20 years. But such success stories are far too rare to constitute a golden age of genetics.

Efforts are underway to research, manufacture, and distribute experimental drugs that could treat the disease. But until now drug companies had largely ignored Ebola, because there appeared to be little profit in developing a drug for populations that could not afford to pay for it.

For example, there are highly de centralized ethics committees with varied qualities to protect human subjects. The EU directive does not regulate social and behavioral research while the US. does not regulate research that is privately funded and not related to drug licensing.

(a) Research and analytical work to increase knowledge and understanding of drug, crime and terrorism issues and to expand the evidence base for making policy and operational decisions

The drug abuse problem in the region was addressed in several ways (a) research on drug abuse in several Andean and Southern Cone countries together with the Inter American Drug Abuse Control Commission (CTCAD) of the Organization of American States (b) school based prevention programmes in Bolivia, Costa Rica and Peru (c) drug injecting HIV AIDS prevention in Brazil and Southern Cone countries and (d) a network of treatment and rehabilitation centres in Central America.

A description of the methodology and the work in progress was included in the World Drug Report, 2005 but further refinement and research will be undertaken on the index.

The Office also started a two year multi city study of quantities and financing of illicit drug consumption in collaboration with the European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research.

In 2004, the European Council had endorsed the European Union Drug Strategy (2005 2012), which concentrated on the reduction of both supply and demand and on international cooperation, research and evaluation.

Calls upon all Member States to identify and promote, where appropriate, strategies for international cooperation in the development and dissemination of best practices and relevant research, including monitoring of drug trends

Strongly urges all Member States to consider adopting, implementing and evaluating, in line with the international drug control treaties, best practices and relevant research based evidence for policy and workforce development and programme delivery at all levels, in partnership with civil society and academic and research institutions, where appropriate

Strongly urges all Member States to consider adopting, implementing and evaluating, in line with the international drug control treaties, best practices and relevant research based evidence, principles for policy and workforce development and programme delivery at all levels, in partnership with civil society and academic and research institutions, where appropriate

(a) To further implement comprehensive demand reduction policies and programmes, including research, covering all drugs under international control, in order to raise public awareness of the drug problem, paying special attention to prevention and education and providing, especially to young people and others at risk, information on developing life skills, making healthy choices and engaging in drug free activities

Emphasizing the primary importance of international cooperation in combating drug trafficking and drug abuse,

International drug control

International drug control.

International drug control

Intravenous drug users

Drug demand reduction

Drug demand reduction

International drug control

Female drug addicts

International drug control.

And Tamiflu. You've probably heard of this drug, made by Hoffmann La Roche, patented drug.

(a) To further implement comprehensive demand reduction policies and programmes, including research, covering all the drugs under international control, in order to raise public awareness of the drug problem, paying special attention to prevention and education and providing, especially to young people and others at risk, information on developing life skills, making healthy choices and engaging in drug free activities

During a major meningitis epidemic in northern Nigeria in 1996, the drug company Pfizer supplied doctors with the oral antibiotic Trovan, which the firm wanted to test against the most effective known drug, Ceftriaxone, as a control. This procedure is consistent with the general consensus in research ethics that the control group must receive the best known treatment for comparison.

(a) To further implement comprehensive demand reduction policies and programmes, including research, covering all the drugs under international control, in order to raise public awareness of the drug problem, paying special attention to prevention and education and providing, especially to young people and others at risk, information on developing life skills, making healthy choices and engaging in drug free activities

(a) To further implement comprehensive demand reduction policies and programmes, including research, covering all the drugs under international control, in order to raise public awareness of the drug problem, paying special attention to prevention and education and providing, especially to young people and others at risk, information on developing life skills, making healthy choices and engaging in drug free activities

Noting that the Action Plan for the Implementation of the Declaration on the Guiding Principles of Demand Reduction, called for the development of research programmes at the national and regional levels in scientific fields concerning drug demand reduction and the wide dissemination of the results so that strategies for reducing illicit drug demand could be built on a solid scientific basis,

Illicit drug trends were to some extent determined by supply and demand, but drug cultivation was also about poverty, just as drug abuse was also about HIV AIDS.

The international drug control treaties provide the framework for international cooperation in countering the drug problem.

Governments, and the Office, will also benefit from better integration of laboratories' and other scientific expertise into national drug control frameworks by gaining wider access to scientific findings to improve the knowledge base for research, strategy and policy purposes.

National drug control strategies

dopewars drug dealing game

Afghanistan s Drug Friendly Environment

Burma s Drug Lord Generals

Our Other Drug Problem

Taking Drug Safety Seriously

National drug control strategies

National Drug Monitor 2003.