Theory and empirical evidence

This empirical approach towards corrupt practice would avoid culture bound conceptions, thereby enhancing consensus building and allowing anti corruption efforts to gain further momentum.

C. Empirical evidence on costs and benefits

Theory and empirical evidence Have already taught us.

And that ecology is necessarily relative, historical and empirical.

C. Empirical evidence on costs and benefits 32 33

What is science but the empirical pursuit of the truth?

The approach adopted by WIPO was both empirical, based on several fact finding missions and surveys, and practical, aimed at the adoption of concrete steps for capacity building, legislative assistance and cooperation with stakeholders.

However, there are both theoretical and empirical reasons for doubting this conclusion.

In response to this mandate, the present report adopts an empirical approach and reviews some existing international instruments (in part I) and cases (in part II) in this area, with an emphasis on aspects relevant to developing countries.

However there does not appear to be any empirical study on this issue.

One doubt, as regards international law in particular, concerns the empirical means deployed.

The arguments in favour of intervention are made on both theoretical and empirical grounds.

(b) ORDEM96 is a semi empirical engineering model developed by NASA Johnson Space Center.

But, despite empirical refutation, the ideological attractiveness of monetarism, supported by the supposed authority of rational expectations, proved overwhelming. As a result, the purely inflation oriented approach to monetary policy gained total dominance in both central banking and academic economics.

They emphasized the merits of a gender based approach to development, underlined the importance of staff training, and hoped that empirical evidence and recommendations from the evaluation would be reflected in the UNDP multi year gender strategy and action plan.

What is Buddhism but 2,500 years of empirical observation as to the nature of mind?

Step 2. Select potential comparators for study using the criteria and empirical considerations as necessary.

Practitioners use a variety of formal and informal empirical methods with varying skill. And, in my forthcoming book Economics Rules, I criticize economics training for not properly equipping students for the empirical diagnostics that the discipline requires.

From the scientific point of view, the main problem is a lack of knowledge. Despite many hundreds of well functioning nuclear power plants, our understanding of nuclear forces is only empirical, and empirical knowledge is always imperfect.

Within the framework of cooperation between WTO and UNCTAD, such empirical work was being initiated jointly.

There was little empirical evidence of ISO 14001 certificates being rejected by clients in developed countries.

However, analytical and empirical evidence regarding the correlation between OFDI and enterprise competitiveness, especially SMEs, remains limited.

This second report gave an important empirical basis for realization of the analysis in the third report.

Evolutionary theory s current contretemps and our inability to predict where the field will be in 50 years are a cause for celebration. We should leave the creationists to their hollow convictions and happily embrace the uncertainties inherent in a truly empirical approach to understanding the world.

Empirical evidence shows that many firms, after expanding their participation in global markets, are worse off than before.

It is expected that the study will provide UNDCP with an operational instrument with a stronger empirical foundation.

Several experts said that UNCTAD should focus on a conceptual and empirical analysis of packages of positive measures.

Sessions were conducted on several theoretical and empirical issues related to technology policy and economic and technological development.

Once these empirical foundations were established, the World Bank would be in a better position to demand greater accountability.

V. CONCLUSION Considerable theoretical and empirical knowledge has developed in relation to primary and secondary approaches over many years.

In the first part, the project will review the empirical literature on productivity analysis and the methods of measuring productivity.

As yet, not much empirical evidence exists about the actual costs and benefits of EMS, especially not in developing countries.

b The yields are estimated using empirical equations, but there is no single agreed formula for the determination of yields.

In fact, scientists and planners are increasingly recognizing the invaluable empirical knowledge of local communities. 237. The Meeting agreed also that the precautionary approach should take account of uncertainties in knowledge on biodiversity and recognize the need to take action in the face of incomplete knowledge.36 In its recommendation III 2, SBSTTA recognized that the precautionary approach underlies the effective use of all coastal and marine living resources.

38. The conclusions drawn by the Special Rapporteur were speculative in nature, rather than being based on any convincing empirical evidence.

Comparative analyses of empirical studies of mental disorders have shown a consistent pattern across a variety of societies and social contexts.

UNDCP has made substantial progress in enhancing its empirical database on illicit crop cultivation through improved survey methodologies and objective assessments.

An assessment of these impacts would require empirical work at a highly disaggregated level (country specific and product or sector specific).

He felt that empirical research was needed in the field of energy on the possibilities and expected consequences for developing countries.

It was recognized that there was little experience with the implementation of ISO 14001 and very little empirical research on it.

a. National strategy, programme approach, sectoral approach

The second phase of the project will combine those theoretical inquiries with empirical studies to produce workable future scenarios for international organization.

At the international level, it may be feared that the methods adopted to combat this delinquency are of a rather empirical nature.

The relation between the HDD index (see annex I) and fuel consumption for space heating was derived through simulations and empirical analyses.