Theory and empirical evidence

C. Empirical evidence on costs and benefits

Theory and empirical evidence Have already taught us.

C. Empirical evidence on costs and benefits 32 33

Empirical evidence shows that many firms, after expanding their participation in global markets, are worse off than before.

There was little empirical evidence of ISO 14001 certificates being rejected by clients in developed countries.

However, analytical and empirical evidence regarding the correlation between OFDI and enterprise competitiveness, especially SMEs, remains limited.

The experts expressed some concern regarding the potential trade implications of ISO 14000, while recognizing that empirical evidence was necessary in this respect.

Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the efficacy of primary prevention is increasingly being called into question, while there appears to be evidence that secondary prevention can reduce demand, and result in abstinence, under some conditions.

The theoretical and empirical evidence available suggests that the efficacy of primary prevention is being called into question, while there appears to be evidence that secondary prevention can reduce demand, and result in cessation, under some conditions.

As yet, not much empirical evidence exists about the actual costs and benefits of EMS, especially not in developing countries.

38. The conclusions drawn by the Special Rapporteur were speculative in nature, rather than being based on any convincing empirical evidence.

The empirical study of happiness has produced evidence that the satisfaction from buying objects is short lived and depends on continued repetition. That is socially, morally, and environmentally wasteful.

But economics is not evidence based in selecting its theoretical paradigms. Economic policy initiatives are often taken without all the empirical pre testing that could have been done.

There are institutional deficits in other weapons of mass destruction regimes, but conventional wisdom and empirical evidence suggest that multilateralism offers both longevity and legitimacy of such regimes.

It is therefore important that, in order to develop a more common database of NTBs that could be utilized by all interested parties, a relevant classification system be established reflecting today's empirical evidence.

And that ecology is necessarily relative, historical and empirical.

Some Empirical Evidence. After correlating per capita income and self reported happiness levels across a number of countries, he reached a startling conclusion probably not.

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF THE BENEFITS FROM APPLYING COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY PRINCIPLES TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN ORDER TO ATTAIN GREATER EFFICIENCY IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

Empirical evidence shows that there is no invariant relationship between the rate of growth and the rate of poverty reduction, and that even in a context of faster growth, complementary policies specifically targeting poverty are required.

As for fiscal measures, the empirical evidence suggests that three quarters of consumption is based on longer term economic prospects, not short run disposable income. Thus, temporary tax rebates are mostly saved, not spent.

It was noted that high levels of intellectual property protection are often sought by TNCs locating R D in developing countries, but that the empirical evidence on the impact of IPRs on FDI in R D is mixed.

That was a step forward towards ensuring there would be a social safety net to minimize the human rights impact of trade policies, based on empirical evidence obtained through an impact assessment of trade policies.

UNCTAD should also try to foresee the changing policy environment in many countries and to offer more solid analysis and empirical evidence for ascertaining the developmental impact of further trade liberalization.

some mergers (particularly in highly concentrated markets) have raised prices substantially and there is also some evidence that concentrated markets have fostered collusion. See Gregory J. Werden, A review of the empirical and experimental evidence on the relationship between market structure and performance, United States Department of Justice, EAG Discussion Paper 91 3.

And the fourth and most important, of course, was the delineation of a contemplative practice that not only had the possibility of a transformation of the human heart, but had 2,500 years of empirical evidence that such a transformation was a certainty.

The thematic meeting had concluded that empirical evidence of the positive effects of ICT on growth was increasingly available and that, although further research was needed, developed countries seemed to be less well equipped to take advantage of the growth potential of ICT.

Empirical evidence has shown that the growth in trade of ICT goods and services has grown at a faster pace than growth in total trade and remains high despite an overall global slow down in the trade of such goods.

Thirdly, the empirical evidence of recent and old history shows that systematic and consistent violations of the rights of civilians are most frequent and pervasive in situations of foreign occupation and suppression of the right of peoples to self determination.

They emphasized the merits of a gender based approach to development, underlined the importance of staff training, and hoped that empirical evidence and recommendations from the evaluation would be reflected in the UNDP multi year gender strategy and action plan.

First, empirical evidence shows that convergence of per capita income between lagging and leading regions is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for achieving poverty reduction and social convergence. Second, regional policies that promote balanced growth could lower overall growth, thereby impeding poverty reduction.

But facts cannot compete with ideology. Indeed, any opposition even when backed by empirical evidence is portrayed as an attack on politicians own (superior) ideology, whether it be libertarian or informed by religious fundamentalism.

Second, empirical evidence is rarely reliable enough to settle decisively a controversy characterized by deeply divided opinion. This is particularly true in macroeconomics, of course, where data are few and open to diverse interpretations.

In foreseeing the changing policy environment in many countries, work should be oriented towards providing a more solid analytical underpinning to, and empirical evidence for, understanding of the developmental impact of further trade liberalization.

A large body of empirical evidence indicates that corporate governance and investor protection are better in countries that are more advanced in their economic and political development. This pattern is usually interpreted as support for the argument that improved corporate governance and investor protection leads to such development.

The expert from the World Bank stated that it was making progress in gathering empirical evidence establishing causal links between (violations of) human rights and (negative) social and economic development outcomes, which would enable it to explicitly address civil and political rights.

that the evidence I shall give, that the evidence I shall give,

What is science but the empirical pursuit of the truth?

There was no evidence. He presented no evidence of that.

Practitioners use a variety of formal and informal empirical methods with varying skill. And, in my forthcoming book Economics Rules, I criticize economics training for not properly equipping students for the empirical diagnostics that the discipline requires.

In fact, empirical evidence shows that in many cases, further reducing carbon dioxide emissions might help to make industries more competitive. Exploring this potential could open up significant opportunities not only to combat climate change, but also to foster Europe s long term economic robustness.

It is expected that the study will provide UNDCP with an operational instrument with a stronger empirical foundation.

Several experts said that UNCTAD should focus on a conceptual and empirical analysis of packages of positive measures.

That thing isn't evidence.

In recent years, however, neither economic theory nor empirical evidence has been kind to the presumed tradeoff. Economists have produced new arguments showing why good economic performance is not only compatible with distributive fairness, but may even demand it.